汉语双宾句历时演变及相关结构问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 15:31

本文选题：双宾句 + 双及物构式　；参考：《北京大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：本文细致考察了汉语从先秦至清代双宾句及相关话题句、介宾结构式、连谓结构、处置式和被动式历史演变面貌,分析了汉语双宾句历时演变特点及原因,探讨了诸相关句式结构选择制约因素,并从类型学角度分析R和T在被动化、去被动化、疑问、内嵌、关系化、反身化、互指、量化关系等八项参数下的句法表现特征。文章在结构上分为绪论—主体—结论三大部分,共六章。第一章是绪论,本文在综述以往研究成果及存在问题的基础上,界定本文的研究对象及研究方法。第二章至第五章是本文的主体部分。第二章描写先秦至清代汉语双宾句及相关话题句、介宾结构式、连谓结构、处置式和被动式各个历史时期的面貌。第三章基于第二章的语料考察,分析了汉语双宾句历时演变特点及原因。第四章探讨了汉语双宾句及相关话题句、介宾结构式、连谓结构、处置式和被动式句式选择制约因素问题。第五章从类型学的角度考察汉语双及物构式的句法特征。第六章是本文的结论。本文的主要结论和创新点如下： (一)汉语双宾句历时演变总体特点是：1.各时期都有V+OIO+ODO和V+ODO+OIO两种语序类型,V+OIO+ODO语序占优势,关于V+ODO+OIO语序出现的原因,本文不同意介词省略说而认为与“之於/乎”连用时的合音现象有关。2.由于“动词及其论元语义关系农达的明晰性原则”作用力,汉语双宾句类型上有减少趋势,句法表现复杂化,动宾关系紧密化。3.双宾动词配价能力由于二次分类不同有历史变化,单独带宾语的能力也有历史演变。4.宾语语义和形式上逐渐复杂化。本文为“夺取类”双宾句存在合理性补充了两点证据。 (二)各个历史时期的句式面貌、动词语义、句法、语用认知原则均会影响句式选抒。 (三)动词论元的语义角色和句法位置对指称表达有影响。 (四)汉语双及物构式类型学上的特点有：1.汉语在线性序列上属于“混合型(mixed)",R和动词V的关系比T更紧密,这种线性序列使汉语双宾句VOROT语序为优势语序,并且使R和T具备多种句式结构呈现可能性。2.汉语进入双及物构式的动词为开放的类型。3.汉语双宾句能容纳的语义类型比Malchukov et. al.(2007)所绘制的语义地图要复杂。 (五)“同一形式表达多种意义”和“同一意义可以使用多种形式表达”的语言形式和意义的关系问题是认知、语用和语法共同作用力的结果。
[Abstract]:This paper makes a detailed study of the historical evolution of Chinese double-object sentences from pre-Qin to Qing dynasties, as well as related topic sentences, introduction of object structures, predicate structures, disposition and passive forms, and analyzes the diachronic evolution characteristics and causes of Chinese double-object sentences. This paper probes into the factors restricting the selection of related sentence structures and analyzes the syntactic characteristics of R and T under eight parameters: passive, depassive, interrogative, embedded, relational, reflexive, referential and quantitative from the perspective of typology. The article is divided into three parts: introduction-subject-conclusion, which consists of six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. Based on the review of the previous research results and existing problems, this paper defines the research object and research methods. The second to fifth chapters are the main part of this paper. The second chapter describes the appearance of double object sentence and related topic sentence, introduction object structure, continuous predicate structure, disposition type and passive type in Chinese from pre-Qin to Qing Dynasty. Chapter three analyzes the diachronic evolution characteristics and reasons of Chinese double-object sentences based on the data of Chapter 2. The fourth chapter discusses the Chinese double object sentence and its related topic sentence, the introduction object structure, the continuous predicate structure, the disposition and the passive sentence pattern choice restriction factor. Chapter five examines the syntactic features of Chinese ditransitive constructions from the perspective of typology. Chapter six is the conclusion of this paper. The main conclusions and innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) the general characteristics of diachronic evolution of Chinese double-object sentences are: 1. There are two types of word order in each period: vio ODO and V ODO OIO word order. This paper disagrees with the preposition ellipsis theory and holds that it is related to the synonym phenomenon of "in / out". Because of the action force of "the principle of nongda clarity of verb and its argument semantic relation", the type of Chinese double-object sentence is decreasing, the syntactic expression is complicated, and the verb-object relation is close. 3. The valency ability of double object verbs has historical changes due to the different secondary classification, and the ability of single object has historical evolution. 4. The semantics and forms of object are becoming more and more complicated. This paper adds two evidences to the rationality of the existence of the double object sentence. (2) the appearance of sentence patterns, verb semantics, syntax, and pragmatic cognitive principles all influence the expression of sentence patterns in different historical periods. (3) the semantic role and syntactic position of verb argument affect the expression of reference. (4) the characteristics of Chinese ditransitive construction typology are: 1. The linear sequence of Chinese belongs to "mixed)" and the verb V is more closely related to the verb V. this linear sequence makes the VOROT word order of Chinese double-object sentences as the dominant word order, and makes R and T have the possibility of showing a variety of sentence structure. The verb of Chinese entering into the double transitive construction is an open type. 3. The semantic types of Chinese double object sentences are more complicated than those drawn by Malchukov et. al. (5) the relationship between the linguistic forms and meanings of "the same form expresses multiple meanings" and "the same meaning can be expressed in many forms" is the result of the combined forces of cognition, pragmatics and grammar.
【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H14

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