现代汉语运动事件表达模式研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 17:34

本文选题：运动事件 + 词汇化类型　；参考：《南开大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：本文以Leonard Talmy认知语义学的框架事件理论及词汇化理论为理论基础,借鉴Slobin跨语言对比研究及收集语料的方法,对现代汉语运动事件的表达进行了系统的描写与细致的分析。文章以通过无字漫画书《青蛙,你在哪里?》进行诱导实验,所收集的表达运动事件的句子作为研究的主要语料来源。首先,本文通过语料分析,多角度地进一步证明现代汉语应该更接近“卫星框架语言”。然后分章节对组成运动事件的核心概念要素“主体”、“背景”、“路径”、“方式”、“原因”等在现代汉语中的语言表现形式及语用倾向进行了定量的描写和定性的分析。最后以本文的研究结论为基础,对韩国留学生习得运动事件的表达进行偏误分析。本文共分九个部分。第一部分为引言,主要介绍本文的研究对象、选题缘起、研究意义、研究方法、研究现状、理论基础、研究取向、论文框架等。最后一部分为结语,对全文的研究进行了总结,归纳出了研究结论,指出了本文的创新和不足之处。主体部分共分七章。第一章主要对Talmy的框架事件理论进行介绍,明确了“运动事件”的定义,对文章中一些主要术语,如“宏事件”、“框架事件”、“副事件”、“主体”、“背景”、“路径”、“方式”、“原因”等做了详细的说明。第二章讨论了现代汉语运动事件词汇化的类型归属问题。Talmy根据不同的词汇化类型将世界上的语言分为“动词框架语言”和“卫星框架语言”。本文认为现代汉语应该属于“卫星框架语言”。文章首先论证了现代汉语的核心动词主要由副事件动词充当这一事实。接着介绍了其他研究者对现代汉语词汇化类型归属问题的观点,并一一对他们的观点进行了商榷。最后文章通过语料分析发现现代汉语路径信息描述的精细程度较高,“零背景句”的使用比例较低,这些都进一步证明现代汉语更接近“卫星框架语言”。第三章介绍了现代汉语副事件动词的表达特点。现代汉语属于卫星框架语言,核心动词主要由副事件动词充当。副事件动词包括方式动词和原因动词。在现代汉语中只有主动运动事件才允许核心动词由路径动词充当。现代汉语的方式动词一般表达事件的方式,不表达主体的方式,方式动词也从不以卫星的形式出现。在表达致使运动事件时,句子中必须要有原因动词。第四章对现代汉语的路径信息表达方式做了详细的描写。首先文章对“路径”和“路径动词”的概念作了界定与分析,然后以语料数据为支撑,对现代汉语中路径动词做核心动词的情况和路径动词做补语的情况作了分别的介绍与说明。发现“回、走”等路径动词更倾向于做核心动词,而“进、出、上、下、到、起、过、开”等路径动词更倾向于做补语。当路径动词做核心动词时,句子往往表现出非现实的情态特征。最后本章介绍了现代汉语中几个常用的用来表达路径信息的介词“从、在、向、朝、往”。第五章对现代汉语中的两个指示路径动词“来、去”作补语的情况作了详细的讨论。首先介绍了“来、去”在主动运动事件和致使运动事件中的指示功能,“去”总是表示远离说话者的位置,而“来”的趋向意义却与说话双方及运动发生的时间都有关系。接着本章从结构、语篇和情状表达等几个角度分析了指示路径动词“来、去”做补语时的语用功能。“来、去”的使用是现代汉语句子结构的需要,现代汉语表达运动事件时,动词后倾向于使用“双成分”(非指示路径动词+宾语,或非指示路径动词+来／去)；“来”“去”具有语篇的衔接功能。当“来”“去”置于背景宾语后时具有“未完成”的时相特征。第六章介绍了现代汉语运动事件中“主体”和“背景”的表达模式。“主体”和“背景”是一对相对的概念。“主体”可做主语,做介词宾语和动词的宾语。做动词宾语的“主体”的位置同指示路径动词“来、去”的功能有着密切的联系。当“主体”在“来、去”后时,“来、去”主要的功能一般都是指示,具有趋向动词的本义。当“主体”不在句末,在主动运动事件中后面只能接“来”,“来”具有“完成”的时体功能；在致使运动事件中,“主体”后接“来”、“去”都可以,并且具有“未完成”的时相特征。在现代汉语表达运动事件的句子中,一个句子一般只有一个“背景”信息,并且多数是“终点”信息。同其他卫星框架语言相似,现代汉语“零背景”句的使用比例较低。背景信息可由先天的处所名词、可选处所名词和非处所名词表达,当背景信息做“上、下、进、出”的宾语时,不论是表示起点还是终点,背景信息都可以是非处所名词。“从、到、在”后更倾向于使用方位短语,“上、下、进、出、回、来、去”等后面更倾向于使用处所名词。最后第七章本文对韩国留学生习得现代汉语运动事件表达所产生的偏误进行分析。文章共发现“表达致使运动事件时无原因动词”,“指示路径动词‘来、去’的添加偏误”,“路径动词与背景成分搭配不当”,“和方位短语有关的偏误”,“介词‘在’的误用”,“句中没有路径信息”,“重复使用路径动词或副事件动词”,“语序不准确”等八种韩国留学生的常见偏误。这些偏误都跟韩汉两种语言的类型差异有关。
[Abstract]:Based on the framework event theory and lexicalization theory of Leonard Talmy ' s cognitive semantics , this paper makes a systematic description and analysis of the expression of modern Chinese sports events by using Slobin ' s cross - language contrast study and collection corpus .

This thesis is divided into nine parts . The first part is preface , mainly introduces the research object of this paper , the origin , the research significance , the research method , the research situation , the theoretical foundation , the research orientation , the thesis frame , etc . The last part is the conclusion , summarizes the research conclusion , points out the research conclusion , points out the innovation and deficiency of this article .

In the first chapter , Talmy ' s framework event theory is introduced , the definition of " sports event " is defined , some key terms such as " macro event " , " frame event " , " sub - event " , " subject " , " background " , " path " , " mode " , " cause " and so on are described in detail .

The second chapter discusses the type attribution of modern Chinese movement events . Talmy classifies the world ' s language into " verb frame language " and " satellite framework language " according to different lexicalization types . This paper argues that modern Chinese should belong to " satellite framework language " .

Chapter Three introduces the characteristics of the expression of the verbs in modern Chinese . Modern Chinese belong to the language of the satellite framework . The core verbs are mainly represented by the auxiliary event verbs . In modern Chinese , only the active motion events allow the core verbs to act as the path verbs . In modern Chinese , only active motion events allow the core verbs to act as the path verbs . In modern Chinese , the verb is usually expressed in the way of the event , does not express the subject , the mode verb is never appeared in the form of a satellite . In the event of the expression , the sentence must have reason verbs .

The fourth chapter describes the way of expression of the path information in modern Chinese . Firstly , the article defines and analyzes the concept of " path " and " path verb " , and then introduces and explains the situation of the core verb and the route verb in modern Chinese . It is found that " return , go " and other path verbs are more inclined to be the complement . When the path verb is the core verb , the sentence often shows the non - reality modal characteristics . In the last chapter , some commonly used prepositions used to express the path information are introduced in this chapter .

In the fifth chapter , the author gives a detailed discussion on the verb " Come , Go " in modern Chinese . First of all , the author introduces " Come on , go to " the indication function in the event of active motion and cause the movement event . " Go " always means the position away from the speaker , but the trend of " coming " is related to the time between the two sides and the movement . Then , when the movement of the modern Chinese is expressed , the verb tends to use " double component " ( not to indicate the verb + object or the non - indicating path verb + ) .
" Go to " has the cohesive function of the discourse . When " come " to " go " is placed in the background object , it has " unfinished " time - phase characteristics .

Chapter 6 introduces the expression pattern of " subject " and " background " in modern Chinese movement events . " Subject " and " background " are a pair of relative concepts .
In the event of a motion event , the " body " after " come " , " go " can all , and have " incomplete " time - phase characteristics .

In the sentence of modern Chinese expression movement events , a sentence generally has only one " background " message , and most of them are " end point " information .

In the last chapter , this paper analyzes the errors caused by Korean students ' acquisition of modern Chinese sports events . The paper finds out that " there are no reason verbs in the event of motion " , " indicating the path verb " , " wrong " , " misapplication of the path verb " , " no path information in the sentence " , " repeated use of the path verb or vice - event verb " and " inaccurate word order " . These errors are related to the type difference between the two languages .
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】