汉语“别拿X(不)当Y”构式的动态范畴化研究
发布时间:2018-06-24 19:44
本文选题:汉语“别拿X(不)当Y”构式 + 解读机制 ; 参考:《四川外国语大学》2013年硕士论文
【摘要】:一部东北乡村剧《别拿豆包不当干粮》焕发了“别拿X(不)当Y”这类构式表达的流行,以新闻标题,书名,文章标题,广告标题等形式为多。按现代汉语语法,该构式承继了“拿”字处置构式、(双重)否定构式和“别”字否定祈使构式等上位语式的信息。很多学者分别使用传统、语义语用、转换生成、认知等方法对它们作了研究,却未见对“别拿X(不)当Y”构式的专题研究。秉承认知语言学(包括构式语法)“1+12”的整合观,本文认为“别拿X(不)当Y”构式绝不是三种语式的简单组合,该构式的意义为“说话者劝说听话者消显或凸显X所含的Y的典型概念属性”,该构式具有通过劝谏说理调整范畴化的功能。 本文在认知语言学(包含构式语法)框架下,基于范畴化理论,特别是原型理论,以及Hopper and Thompson (1984)提出的语言去范畴化是语言范畴化理论的重要组成部分的论断,发现人们因识解差异可不断地发生范畴的调变,因此人们在认识世界过程中,存在由“初始范畴化”经历“去范畴化”、“再范畴化”的动态过程。以此,本文提出了概念层面的动态范畴化过程的构想,对汉语“别拿X(不)当Y”构式的解读机制进行研究,并深入挖掘该构式进行概念去范畴化和再范畴化的工作机制:1).构式和语境的压制;2).基于图形背景转换的凸显原则;3).隐转喻认知机制。笔者通过对已收集到的519条语料(包括372条“别拿X当Y”构式及其变体和147条“别拿X不当Y”构式及其变体)的句法、语义和语用特征进行分类分析,以发现在构式特征影响下,解读该构式意义的动态范畴化过程的运行。 本文共五章,主要内容如下: 第一章“引言”,介绍本文选题理据、研究对象及范围、研究目的、研究方法及语料收集和结构布局。 第二章“文献综述”,由于缺乏前人研究,本章主要回顾和评价与该构式有关的上位构式的前人研究,主要包括处置构式及“拿”字处置构式、(双重)否定构式和“别”字祈使构式,且指出研究不足;接着界定本文研究对象“别拿X(不)当Y”的构式特性。 第三章“理论框架”,针对以往研究不足,本文提出概念层面的动态范畴化过程,包括初始范畴化、去范畴化、再范畴化阶段,来阐释“别拿X(不)当Y”构式的解读机制。针对此过程,还挖掘出促成该构式进行概念层面动态范畴化的三个工作机制。 第四章“语料分析与讨论”,本文对人民网、中国知网、百度、谷歌、有声媒体语言文本语料库检索进行穷尽搜索,共获得“别拿X(不)当Y”构式及其变体在内的519条语料,自建小型封闭语料库。笔者分别从句法、语义、语用三个层面对语料进行分类分析,发现在构式特征影响下,解读构式意义的动态范畴化过程的不同。语料分析发现: 句法上,X和Y成分可由名词(短语),动词(短语),形容词,甚至小句充当,且二者的句法范畴可以不同,这需要构式压制对其进行解释说明。 语义上,构式意义要求词项X和Y在语义上能基于百科知识建立概念属性的关联,同时二者的概念属性又不得不具备一定不协调性,以发生动态范畴化;另外根据该构式表达的“语义透明度”,笔者将此构式大体分为三类,分别命名为:透明型,透明-隐晦型和隐晦型,,并以案例逐类展示其动态范畴化过程。 语用上,该构式体现了标题的简洁新奇性,具有主观性的反向说理(“别拿X当Y”构式)和正向说理(“别拿X不当Y”构式)的语用特征,最后笔者提出要防止该构式被滥用的警示。 第五章“结语”,总结全文,归纳本文贡献: 1.提出了概念层面的动态范畴化过程用以阐释“别拿X(不)当Y”构式意义的解读机制,并进一步挖掘促成该构式进行动态范畴化的三个工作机制; 2.穷尽性搜索该构式及其变体,自建519条小型封闭语料库,并对该构式的句法、语义、语用特征进行深入分析,以佐证动态范畴化过程的有效性。 最后,该章节还提出了本研究之不足和建议。
[Abstract]:A northeastern rural drama, "bun bean bag unsuitable dry grain", radiates the popularity of "do not take X (not) as Y". It takes the form of news headlines, title, title, advertising headlines and so on. According to modern Chinese grammar, this structure inherits the structure of "take" the word, and (double) negation and "farewell" to negate the imperative structure. Many scholars have studied them using traditional, semantic, pragmatic, transformational, cognitive and other methods. But there is no special study on "X (not) Y". Adhering to the integration concept of "1+12" in cognitive linguistics (including constructional grammar), this article holds that "do not take X (not) as a Y" is not the three type of simple form. Single combination, the meaning of the structure is "the speaker persuades the listener to eliminate or highlight the typical conceptual attributes of the Y contained in X", which has the function of adjusting the categorization through admonition.
Under the framework of cognitive linguistics (including constructional grammar), categorization based theory, especially prototype theory, and Hopper and Thompson (1984) are an important part of the theory of language categorization. It is found that people can constantly change the category because of the differences of understanding, so people are in the world. In the process of boundary, there is a dynamic process of "Categorization" through "Categorization" and "re categorization". In this paper, the concept of dynamic categorization is put forward in this paper, and the interpretation mechanism of "X (not) as Y" is studied in Chinese, and the concept de categorization and re categorization is deeply excavated. The working mechanism: 1). Construction and context suppression; 2). The protruding principle based on graphic background conversion; 3) the cognitive mechanism of implicit metonymy. The author classifies the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of the collected 519 corpus (including 372 "don't take X as Y" structure and its variant and 147 "don't take X improper Y" structure and its variant) To find out the operation of the dynamic categorization process under the influence of constructional features, we analyze the meaning of the construction.
This paper consists of five chapters. The main contents are as follows:
The first chapter is "Introduction", which introduces the motivation, the object and the scope, the purpose, the method, the collection and the layout of the corpus.
In the second chapter, "literature review", due to the lack of previous research, this chapter mainly reviews and evaluates previous studies on the epistatic structure related to the structure, mainly including the disposal structure and the "take" disposition structure, (double) negative structure and the "farewell" imperative structure, and point out that the research is not enough; and then the object of this study is to take X (no). When the structure of Y "is characteristic.
In the third chapter, "theoretical framework", aiming at the shortage of previous research, this paper puts forward the dynamic categorization process of conceptual level, including initial categorization, de categorization, and re categorization stage, to explain the interpretation mechanism of "do not take X (") as a Y "structure. In this process, it also excavates the three workers that contribute to the dynamic categorization of the conceptual level. Make a mechanism.
In the fourth chapter, "corpus analysis and discussion", this paper makes a exhaustive search for the people's network, Chinese knowledge network, Baidu, Google, and audio media language text corpus retrieval, and obtains a total of 519 materials, "do not take X (") "and its variant, and build a small closed corpus from three layers of syntax, semantics and pragmatics. According to the classification analysis, we find that the dynamic categorization process of structural meaning is different under the influence of construction features.
Syntactically, the components of X and Y can be acted by nouns (phrases), verbs (phrases), adjectives, and even clauses, and the syntactic category of the two can be different.
Semantically, the constructional meaning requirements X and Y are semantically based on the association of conceptual attributes based on encyclopedia knowledge, and the conceptual attributes of the two have to have a certain inconsistency in order to generate dynamic categorization. In addition, according to the "semantic transparency" expressed in this structure, the pens are divided into three categories, named as: Transparent, transparent - obscurity and obscurity, and demonstrate the dynamic categorization process in a case by case.
In pragmatics, the structure embodies the simplicity and novelty of the title, the subjective reverse reasoning ("take X as a Y" structure) and the pragmatic features of the positive reasoning ("do not take X improper Y"). Finally, the author puts forward a warning to prevent the structure being abused.
The fifth chapter is "concluding remarks".
1. the dynamic categorization process of conceptual level is put forward to explain the interpretation mechanism of "do not take X (not) as Y", and to further excavate the three working mechanisms that contribute to the dynamic categorization of the structure.
2. the exhaustive search of the structure and its variants, the self construction of 519 small closed corpora, and an in-depth analysis of the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of the structure, in order to testify the effectiveness of the dynamic categorization process.
Finally, the chapter also points out the shortcomings and suggestions of this research.
【学位授予单位】:四川外国语大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2013
【分类号】:H146
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