从图式理论角度分析中国传统相声中的言语幽默

发布时间：2018-06-27 00:15

本文选题：图式理论 + 相声　；参考：《河南科技大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：相声是我国一种传统的艺术形式，其发展已有百余年的历史。作为广大观众喜爱的一种表演艺术形式，具有为数众多的观众群体和实力雄厚的创作表演队伍。近些年，相声演员郭德纲及其“德云社”的成立，再次掀起了听相声的高潮。早在1961年,汪景寿先生曾发表《试论相声的语言》一文，此研究被视为最早的对相声的语言进行研究的专论。此后，国内的学者开始致力于相声中幽默言语的研究。目前此领域的研究主要包括修辞手段，包袱构建，合作原则，礼貌原则，关联理论及其整合理论等，而从认知图式的角度来解析相声中的言语幽默的研究尚未得到足够的重视。图式理论强调知识资源这一概念，，认为话语的理解需要激活记忆中相关图式去预测，推理，解析话语的含义。本文从图式理论的角度，采用定性的研究方法，对所选取的相声文本进行图式特征分析，即语言图式，形式图式，内容图式和语用图式，旨在帮助听众更好的理解相声中的言语幽默。本研究的语料资源来自于《中国传统相声大全》、《侯宝林相声自选集》、《姜昆表演相声集》等文献中的相声脚本及部分通过网络阅读、观看的相声作品。在理论图式的指导下，本研究对所选取的相声文本进行其图式特征分析与归纳，并从认知角度解读其幽默机制。研究的主要问题有三个：(1)中国相声中的言语幽默的解读与图式理论的关系什么？(2)相声中体现的言语幽默图式特征有哪些？(3)根据所分析出的图式特征，解读相声中言语幽默的基本策略有哪些？通过对所搜集的语料的分析，本研究发现对相声中幽默的解读，要求听众具备与之相关的语言图式、形式图式、内容图式和语用图式。这些图式在很大程度上帮助听众去理解相声中的言语幽默。当输入的相声中的“包袱”与这些图式相匹配时才能完成信息处理的系列过程。最后，本文为更好地理解相声中的幽默话语提出了具体的策略和方法，其中包括预测和选择策略、联系策略、推理策略。此外，为了更好理解相声中言语幽默，还应当扩展社会文化背景知识，减少由于文化差异造成的内容图式的缺乏。这些策略和方法有助于相声爱好者，尤其是喜欢中国文化的外国友人,提高对相声的理解能力。
[Abstract]:Crosstalk is a traditional art form in China, which has a history of more than 100 years. As a popular form of performing art, there are a large number of audience groups and strong creative performance team. In recent years, cross-talk actor Guo Degang and its "Deyun Society", once again set off the climax of crosstalk. As early as 1961, Mr. Wang Jingshou published "the language of crosstalk", which was regarded as the earliest monograph on the language of crosstalk. Since then, domestic scholars have devoted themselves to the study of humorous speech in crosstalk. At present, the research in this field mainly includes rhetoric, burden construction, cooperative principle, politeness principle, relevance theory and its integration theory. However, the study of verbal humor in crosstalk from the perspective of cognitive schema has not received enough attention. Schema theory emphasizes the concept of knowledge resource, and holds that the understanding of utterance needs to activate the relevant schemata in memory to predict, infer, and analyze the meaning of utterance. From the perspective of schema theory, this paper uses qualitative research methods to analyze the schemata features of the selected crosstalk texts, that is, linguistic schema, formal schema, content schema and pragmatic schema. The aim is to help the audience better understand the verbal humor in crosstalk. The corpus of this study comes from the Chinese traditional crosstalk Collection, the Hou Baolin crosstalk selections, the Jiang Kun performance crosstalk Collection, and some of the crosstalk works read and viewed on the Internet. Under the guidance of theoretical schemata, this study analyzes and induces the schema features of the selected crosstalk text, and interprets its humor mechanism from a cognitive perspective. There are three main questions in the study: (1) what is the relationship between the interpretation of verbal humor in Chinese crosstalk and schema theory? (2) what are the schematic features of verbal humor in crosstalk? (3) according to the schematic features, What are the basic strategies for interpreting verbal humor in crosstalk? Through the analysis of the collected data, this study finds that the interpretation of humor in crosstalk requires the audience to have relevant language schema, formal schema, content schema and pragmatic schema. To a large extent, these schemas help listeners to understand verbal humor in crosstalk. Only when the "baggage" in the input crosstalk matches these schemas can the information processing process be completed. Finally, this paper proposes specific strategies and methods for a better understanding of humorous utterances in crosstalk, including prediction and selection strategies, communication strategies, and inference strategies. In addition, in order to better understand the verbal humor in crosstalk, we should expand the social and cultural background knowledge and reduce the lack of content schema caused by cultural differences. These strategies and methods help crosstalk lovers, especially foreign friends who like Chinese culture, improve their understanding of crosstalk.
【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136

【参考文献】