汉、英、法、阿完整简单句主述位结构对比与翻译

发布时间：2018-06-30 20:05

本文选题：主 + 述位结构　；参考：《青海民族大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：主位、述位结构在语言翻译中起重要作用。它受到了诸多学者、语言学家的广泛关注。在本项研究中，作者以韩礼德功能语法作为理论框架，从人际功能的语气角度及经验功能的及物性系统的过程类型角度描述了四种语言的完整简单句在翻译过程中的主述位结构的相同点与不同点。此外，作者从新编阿拉伯语语法书中搜集部分阿、汉语句子，并把这些句子译成英、法语，建成一个小型语料。利用所搜集的语料采用定量与定性的分析方法对四种语言的主、述位结构进行对比分析，通过分析我们发现：在语气系统层面中：1）陈述句：汉语可省略主位，汉、阿语动词可充当主位。阿语名词可充当述位，述位也可省略。2）是非问句中，汉语主语充当主位，而英、法、阿多数由限定成份+主语充当主位。英、汉、法述位多由动词词组充当，由于阿语句式灵活性，述位可由动词短语、介词短语、名词充当。3）特殊疑问句中，汉语主语，英、法、阿多由疑问词充当主位，余下部分为述位。汉语的句子可以作述位。4）感叹句中，英、法、阿疑问词为主位，汉语中主语为主位。在经验功能及物性系统过程类型层面中，1）存在过程中，英、法存在物，阿语过程及环境成份，汉语环境成份充当主位；阿、汉存在物，英、法环境成份充当述位。2）关系过程识别类小句中，英、法、汉被识别者，阿语识别者充当主位；关系过程归属类小句中，阿语少量属性充当主位，英、法、汉载体充当主位。3）物质、心理、言语、行为过程中，阿语过程充当主位，英、汉、法动作者、感觉者、言语者、行为者充当主位。述位则与这五种过程类型的主位位置完全相反。通过本项研究，，要让译者意识到主、述位结构在翻译过程中是有一种有效的、有价值的工具并把其意义推广。
[Abstract]:Theme and rheme structure play an important role in language translation. It has been widely concerned by many scholars and linguists. In this study, the author uses Halliday's functional grammar as the theoretical framework. From the perspective of interpersonal function, experiential function and transitivity system, this paper describes the similarities and differences of theme-rheme structure in the translation of complete simple sentences in four languages. In addition, the author collects some Chinese sentences from a new Arabic grammar book and translates them into English and French to form a small corpus. The collected corpus is used to analyze the subject and rheme structure of the four languages by quantitative and qualitative analysis. Through the analysis, we find that: in the level of mood system, the statement sentence: Chinese can omit the theme, Chinese can omit the theme. A verb in Arabic can serve as the theme. A noun can act as rheme, rheme can also omit .2) in non-question sentence, Chinese subject serves as theme, and in English and French, most of them are subject with limited component. English, Chinese, and French are mostly served by verb phrases. Because of the flexibility of the Arabic sentence pattern, the rheme can be taken as the special question by verb phrase, prepositional phrase, noun) in the special interrogative sentence, the Chinese subject, English, French, and Addo are used as the theme by the interrogative words. The rest is rheme. Chinese sentences can be used as rheme. 4) exclamatory sentences, English, French, and interrogative words are dominant, and subjects are dominant in Chinese. In the process of existence, English and French existences, Arabic processes and environmental components, Chinese environmental elements act as theme; A, Chinese existential, English, English, In relation process identification clauses, English, French, Chinese identifiers act as themes, and in relational process attributive clauses a few attributes serve as theme, English, French, and French. In the process of substance, psychology, speech and behavior, the process of Arabic language acts as the theme, and the author of English, Chinese, French, sensation, speech, and act acts as the theme. Rheme is completely opposite to the thematic position of these five process types. Through this study, the translator should realize that the rheme structure has an effective and valuable tool in the process of translation and generalize its meaning.
【学位授予单位】：青海民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H059;H043

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