四川本地大学生普通话和四川话使用情况调查

发布时间：2018-07-01 21:52

本文选题：语言使用 + 语言态度　；参考：《电子科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了消除语言隔阂,促进人际交往,发展社会经济、政治和文化建设,中国政府从1956年至今颁布了一系列推广普通话的政策。这一举措对维护国家统一,增强中华民族凝聚力有重大意义。在大力推广普通话的同时,方言的使用不可避免地会受到国家政策的影响。有些语言学家已经注意到普通话的推广对方言所构成的威胁,并且积极着手调查某些方言的现状。受到足够关注的方言主要有：上海方言,苏州方言,广州方言,广西方言等。但是四川方言现状的调查寥寥无几。本文以问卷的形式调查了四川省五所高校的700名大学生,以他们为辐射点,收集三代人(被试、被试的父母及其祖父母)的四川话和普通话的使用情况,借此窥探整个四川地区的语言使用现状。本研究试图解决以下四个问题：(1)在不同场景下,调查对象的四川话和普通话使用情况呈现怎样的特征?(2)四川本地大学生对四川话和普通话持怎样的态度?(3)在四川人的日常交流中存在四川话和普通话之间的语码转换吗?发生语码转换的原因是什么?(4)四川本地大学生及他们父母的个人背景会影响他们的语言使用,语言态度和语码转换吗?本研究通过SPSS和EXCEL对实验数据进行了多角度、多层次的定量分析,反映了四川本地大学生四川话和普通话使用现状最真实的情况。并借助Halliday的语域理论、Jef Verschueren的言语顺应理论和于国栋的言语顺应模型对调查对象目前语言使用情况的深层次原因进行了解释。调查结果显示：(1)家庭内部交流中,四川话和普通话的使用呈现出代际差异。家庭外的交流中,正式场合下被试多使用普通话,非正式场合中,被试多使用四川话。被试的语言使用显示出对交流对象、交流情境的顺应。此外,普通话仍然没有取代四川话在四川地区的高级语言变体地位。(2)虽然被试普遍对四川话和普通话持好感态度,并且愿意学习四川话和普通话的人数相仿,但是被试认为在四川地区今后的日常交流中,四川话比普通话更重要。(3)四川话和普通话之间的语码转换经常出现在被试的日常交流中。当被试的谈话对象发生语码转换时,多数人会为交流对象调整自己的语言,表现出对交流对象的言语顺应。基于于国栋的言语顺应模型,说话者进行语码转换主要是为了顺应语言现实和社会规约。(4)被试的性别对被试学习四川话的意愿和被试对待语码转换的态度没有显著影响,而对被试学习普通话的意愿有显著影响。不同的居住地(农村／城镇)对被试对四川话的感觉和被试遇到语码转换现象的频率没有显著影响,而对被试对普通话的感觉有显著影响。父母的职业对父母与被试之间的语言使用没有显著影响。基于调查结果,作者对四川地区学校的教学语言及当地政府的语言政策提出了建议。
[Abstract]:In order to eliminate language gap, promote interpersonal communication, develop social economy, politics and culture, the Chinese government has promulgated a series of policies to promote Mandarin since 1956. This move to safeguard national unity, enhance the cohesion of the Chinese nation has great significance. While popularizing Putonghua, the use of dialects will inevitably be influenced by national policies. Some linguists have noticed the threat posed by the spread of Putonghua to dialects and actively investigated the present situation of some dialects. The major dialects concerned are Shanghai dialect, Suzhou dialect, Guangxi dialect and so on. But the current situation of Sichuan dialect is few and far between. In this paper, 700 college students in five universities in Sichuan province were investigated by questionnaire. Using them as radiation points, we collected the use of Sichuan dialect and Putonghua of three generations (participants, parents and grandparents of the subjects). In order to explore the use of language throughout the Sichuan region. This study attempts to solve the following four problems: (1) in different scenarios, What are the characteristics of Sichuan dialect and Putonghua usage? (2) what is the attitude of Sichuan college students towards Sichuan dialect and Putonghua? (3) is there a code-switching between Sichuan dialect and Putonghua in Sichuan people's daily communication? What are the reasons for code-switching? (4) will the personal background of local college students and their parents affect their language use, language attitude and code-switching? Through SPSS and excel, the experimental data are analyzed from different angles and levels, which reflects the most true situation of Sichuan dialect and Putonghua usage among local college students in Sichuan. With the help of Halliday's register theory, Jef Verschueren's speech adaptation theory and Yu Guodong's speech adaptation model, the author explains the underlying reasons for the current language use of the subjects. The results show that: (1) there are intergenerational differences in the use of Sichuan dialect and Putonghua in intra-family communication. In the communication outside the family, the subjects used Putonghua in formal occasions and Sichuan dialect in informal situations. The subjects' language use showed adaptation to the object and context of communication. In addition, Putonghua still does not take the place of Sichuan dialect as a variant of the high-level language in Sichuan. (2) although the participants generally favor Sichuan dialect and Putonghua, and the number of people willing to learn Sichuan dialect and Mandarin is similar, But the participants think that Sichuan dialect is more important than Putonghua in the future communication in Sichuan. (3) the code-switching between Sichuan dialect and Putonghua often appears in the daily communication. When code-switching occurs, most of the subjects will adjust their language for the subjects and show their verbal adaptation to the subjects. Based on Yu Guodong's speech adaptation model, the main purpose of code-switching is to adapt to the linguistic reality and social rules. (4) the gender of the subjects has no significant influence on the willingness of the subjects to learn Sichuan dialect and their attitude towards code-switching. However, it has a significant influence on the participants' willingness to learn Putonghua. Different places of residence (rural / urban) had no significant influence on the feeling of Sichuan dialect and the frequency of code-switching, but had significant influence on the feeling of Mandarin. The occupation of parents had no significant effect on language use between parents and subjects. Based on the investigation results, the author puts forward some suggestions on the medium of instruction in schools in Sichuan and the language policy of the local government.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H102

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