现代哈萨克语动词“时”的语法范畴—形式及意义

发布时间：2018-07-02 07:49

  本文选题：语法 + 哈萨克语　； 参考：《中央民族大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：语法范畴是“对同类型语法现象包含的共同语法意义所作的抽象概括和归类”。按这种方式研究语法有助于把所有同类的语法意义都归入一种语法范畴。因此,按照现代语言学的观点为哈萨克语动词的“时”范畴重建一个大的、完整的“时”的范畴系统,应把所有以不同的语法手段表达出来的“时”的语法意义纳入其中,并描写清楚哈萨克语中表达“时”语法意义的所有语法手段、它们的种类、表达形式和意义。本文将在前人研究成果的基础上去重新确定和划分哈萨克语中动词“时”的种类；重点描写哈萨克语动词“时”形式的表意功能及语用。哈萨克语中同一类“时”的语法意义可用不同的语法形式(近义形式)来表达。换言之,不同的语法形式可表示相近或相似的时意义。按照不同的语法形式表示不同的语法意义之观点,这些近义形式需描写清楚,找出它们所表达意义的不同之处,并指出它们在实际语言实用中的区别(即分布与表义方面的区别)这是本文将要解决的任务。 本文从语法意义入手,以意义牵头、从意义到形式的方式来安排哈萨克语动词时的语法范畴,并描述由不同形式表达出来的意义相近或相似的时,对近义形式进行相关比较,描写它们(近义形式)在实际语言中的用法。哈萨克语有好多种近义形式,很多不同形式同时表示相近或相似的时意义。我们在实际语言使用中往往会面对近义形式的选择问题,即说话人想要表达某种意义时需要考虑使用这些近义形式当中的某一形式更为准确和体面。在使用这些近义形式中有少部分可以完全替换使用(既是这样它们在使用频率上有所区别),也有形式由于委婉表达或其他因素的需要,用法上不能完全替换。所以,对这些近义形式进行比较并找出它们之间最细微的差异是对语言研究来说是至关重要的,并对哈萨克语时研究的一种补充内容。 在写作过程中,首先在所学到的语言学研究方面的专业知识和前人成果的基础上,运用内省法①(研究者通过自己内省的方法来鉴别它能否说,或者是这样用还是那样用)来鉴别哈萨克语中意义相近的动词“时”的不同形式(不同形式在表达同类意义时应用哪个形式较为合适)的用法、意义本身的差别,时段和时点的差别,附加的体、语气等方面的差别,语体方面的差别等等。为使内省法本身的不足、其局限性降低到最低,提高例句可信度和准确率,我们使用了调查问卷法。从哈萨克语母语人那里收集材料。 论文主要内容结构由引言、哈萨克语动词“时”的研究动态、哈萨克语动词“时”的种类、哈萨克语动词现在时、过去时和将来时的表达形式及意义、还有对表达这些“时”意义的不同形式之间的关系、对这些近义形式的相关比较、结论等几个部分组成。
[Abstract]:Grammatical category is the abstract generalization and classification of the common grammatical meaning included in the syntactic phenomenon of the same type. Studying grammar in this way helps to categorize all the grammatical meanings of the same kind into one grammatical category. Therefore, according to the view of modern linguistics, to reconstruct a large and complete category system of "tense" for Kazakh verbs, the grammatical meaning of "tense" expressed by different grammatical means should be included. It also describes all grammatical means, types, forms and meanings of expressing the grammatical meaning of "Shi" in Kazakh. On the basis of previous research results, this paper will redefine and divide the types of verb "time" in Kazakh language, and focus on describing the ideographic function and pragmatics of the verb "time" form in Kazakh language. The grammatical meaning of the same kind of "tense" in Kazakh can be expressed in different grammatical forms (synonyms). In other words, different grammatical forms can express similar or similar temporal meanings. According to the viewpoint that different grammatical forms express different grammatical meanings, these synonyms need to be clearly described, to find out the differences in the meanings they express, It is pointed out that the difference between them in the practical use of real language (i.e. the difference between distribution and meaning) is the task to be solved in this paper. This paper starts with grammatical meaning, takes the lead in meaning, arranges the grammatical category of Kazakh verb from meaning to form, and describes the similar or similar meanings expressed by different forms. Describe their use in actual language. Kazakh has many forms of synonyms, many of which express similar or similar temporal meanings at the same time. In practical language use, we often face the problem of the choice of synonyms, that is, when the speaker wants to express a certain meaning, he needs to consider the use of one of these forms of synonyms more accurately and respectfully. In the use of these synonyms, there are a few that can be completely replaced (even if they are used differently in frequency), and forms that cannot be used completely because of the need for euphemism or other factors. Therefore, comparing these synonyms and finding out the smallest differences between them is of great importance to language research and a supplement to Kazakh language research. In the process of writing, first of all, on the basis of the professional knowledge of linguistic research and the achievements of predecessors, we use introspection method 1 (the researchers use their own introspection method to identify whether it can be said or not. Or, in one way or another, to identify the different forms of the verb "tense" in Kazakh with similar meanings (which form is more appropriate in expressing the same meaning), and the difference in meaning itself, The differences between time and time points, additional aspect, mood, style and so on. In order to reduce the limitation of introspection method to the minimum and improve the credibility and accuracy of example sentences, we use the questionnaire method. Collect materials from native Kazakh speakers. The main content structure of this paper is the introduction, the research trends of the Kazakh verb "tense", the types of the Kazakh verb "tense", the expression forms and meanings of the present tense, the past tense and the future tense of the Kazakh verb. The relationship between different forms of expressing the meaning of "time", the relative comparison and conclusion of these forms of synonyms and so on.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H236

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