顺应论框架下政治语篇中不礼貌言语策略研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 09:59

本文选题：不礼貌 + 不礼貌言语策略　；参考：《东北师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：众所周知，人们在交际中为维持一个平和的气氛或达成某种交际需要常用礼貌言语与他人交谈。然而，有时人们也会选择不礼貌的言语来与他人交流以实现某种交际意图。因此，不礼貌现象同礼貌现象一样，也应受到广泛关注。近些年来，已经开始有国内外学者关注这一领域的研究，但是一方面与礼貌现象的研究相比，不礼貌现象的研究深度还有待挖掘，尤其在我国，还主要停留在对国外学者相关研究的介绍阶段。另一方面，对于不礼貌现象的研究大多集中在对日常语境中不礼貌言语的使用而缺乏对某些特定或特殊语境中不礼貌现象的研究。带着这样一种想法，本文以政治语篇为语料探讨政治语篇这一特定语境中不礼貌策略的使用。本文将主要围绕三个问题展开：第一，在交际中，说话人使用不礼貌言语是否像使用礼貌言语一样可以被当作一种有效的语用策略。第二，如果不礼貌言语可以被当作一种语用策略，那么有哪些不礼貌言语策略经常用于政治语篇中呢？第三，在政治语篇中，不礼貌言语策略的使用动机是什么呢？在分析语料的基础上我们得出以下结论：对于第一个问题，，事实上不礼貌言语经常被用作一种语用策略。政治家和发言人经常策略性地选择不礼貌言语来表达他们的政治观点和达成政治目的。对于第二个问题，基于相关原则及对语料分析的基础之上，我们发现政治语篇中经常使用的不礼貌言语策略可以分为以下三种：（a）极度冒犯不礼貌言语策略（b）一般不礼貌言语策略（c）实际不礼貌言语策略。这三个主要的不礼貌言语策略还可以分成一些子策略例如:人身攻击策略，冠以罪名策略，警告策略，贬低或批评策略，抗议策略，模糊用语策略，歪曲事实策略，纠正策略，讽刺策略和反语策略等。政治家和发言人对上述策略的选择性应用是为了达成其交际目的。对于最后一个问题，我们以Verschueren提出的顺应论为理论框架来探讨政治家和发言人选择某一或某些不礼貌言语策略及子策略的动机。我们发现对于不礼貌言语策略及子策略的选择是有意顺应他们交际语境的结果。更确切来说，是顺应交际语境中一个或多种因素，即:说话人的多重身份，释话人的多种角色，心理世界，交际世界，物理世界的结果。本研究期望一方面能够对现有的不礼貌现象研究给予补充；另一方面能够促进人们更好理解政治家和发言人使用的特定语言策略，同时对人们在使用（不）礼貌策略时提供一定的借鉴。
[Abstract]:It is well known that in order to maintain a peaceful atmosphere or achieve a certain kind of communication, people often use polite words to talk to others. However, sometimes people choose impolite words to communicate with others in order to achieve some kind of communicative intention. Therefore, the phenomenon of impoliteness, like politeness, should also receive wide attention. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have begun to pay attention to this field of research, but on the one hand, compared with the study of politeness phenomenon, the depth of research on the phenomenon of impoliteness has yet to be explored, especially in China. It also stays at the stage of introduction to the relevant research of foreign scholars. On the other hand, the research on the phenomenon of impoliteness is mainly focused on the use of impolite speech in the daily context, but it lacks the research on the phenomenon of impoliteness in certain or special contexts. With such an idea, this paper uses political discourse as a corpus to explore the use of impolite strategies in a particular context of political discourse. This thesis focuses on three questions: first, whether the speaker can use impolite speech as a pragmatic strategy in communication. Secondly, if impolite speech can be regarded as a pragmatic strategy, what kind of impolite speech strategies are often used in political discourse? Thirdly, what are the motivations for the use of impolite speech strategies in political discourse? On the basis of the analysis of the corpus, we draw the following conclusion: for the first question, impolite speech is often used as a pragmatic strategy. Politicians and spokesmen often strategically choose rude words to express their political views and achieve political goals. For the second question, based on the relevant principles and on the basis of corpus analysis, We find that the impolite speech strategies often used in political discourse can be divided into the following three types: (a) extremely offensive impolite speech strategies (b) generally impolite speech strategies (c) actual impolite speech strategies. These three main impolite speech strategies can also be divided into sub-strategies such as personal attack strategy, accusation strategy, warning strategy, denigration or criticism strategy, protest strategy, vague language strategy, distortion of facts strategy, corrective strategy, etc. Satire strategy and irony strategy etc. The selective application of these strategies by politicians and spokesmen is intended to achieve their communicative purposes. For the last question, we use Verschueren's adaptation theory as a theoretical framework to explore the motivations of politicians and spokesmen to choose one or some impolite speech strategies and substrategies. We find that the choice of impolite speech strategies and substrategies is the result of intentional adaptation to their communicative context. Rather, it is the result of one or more factors in the communicative context, that is, the multiple identities of the speaker, the multiple roles of the speaker, the psychological world, the communicative world, and the physical world. On the one hand, the present study hopes to supplement the existing researches on impoliteness; on the other hand, it can promote a better understanding of specific linguistic strategies used by politicians and speakers. At the same time, it provides some reference for people to use (not) politeness strategies.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H030

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