基于语料库的政府报告批评性隐喻分析

发布时间：2018-07-02 20:45

本文选题：语料库 + 政府工作报告　；参考：《大连理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：隐喻研究一直是语言学家关注的焦点。传统隐喻研究只将隐喻看做成是一种单纯的修辞手段,而没有将之置于人类认知、思维和交际活动这一更大的背景之下进行考察,所以缺乏对隐喻机制等实质问题的全面解释。当代隐喻研究认为隐喻不仅是一种语言修辞现象,而是人类认识世界的一种基本的、普遍的认知方式,可以用于解释人们概念的形成、思维的过程、认知的发展、行为的依据等Lakoff从思维方式角度全新解释了隐喻,认为隐喻就是通过一种事物来理解和体验另外一种事物的认知方式,真正把隐喻研究正式纳入了认知科学领域.近几十年来,越来越多的语言学家关注政治语篇中隐喻的使用,Charteris-Black(2004)提出全新的隐喻分析方法即批评隐喻分析,综合利用批评话语分析、认知语言学、语用学和语料库语言学等方法来分析隐喻,揭示语篇背后的意识形态、态度和信念。批评隐喻分析将语言分析与认知理解和社会文化相结合,通过背后所隐藏的意识形态来分析隐喻。但现有研究对象多为英语政治语篇,对汉语政治语篇中的隐喻研究刚刚起步。《中国政府工作报告》是中华人民共和国的一种公文形式。政府工作报告是党的意志和思路的集中体现,及时而深刻地反映政府的执政理念和意识形态,是极具权威性和代表性的政治语篇。研究选取2003-2012年十年间的《中国政府工作报告》,建立语料库(总计212673字)。借助语料库识别提取概念隐喻,采用Charteris-Black (2004:34～35)的批评隐喻分析模型,对中国政府工作报告中所使用的概念隐喻进行分类分析,通过定量和定性分析,探讨汉语政治话语中的隐喻的使用模式及其发展,试图揭示政治语篇背后所隐藏的中国政府的意识形态和中国共产党的执政理念。语料分析表明,《中国政府工作报告》中主要运用了旅程隐喻、建筑隐喻、机器隐喻、植物隐喻、水流隐喻、战争隐喻、家庭隐喻、机体隐喻以及身体隐喻这九大种概念隐喻。虽然每年的政府报告中会新增隐喻的表达方式,但是主要概念隐喻模式没有发生变化。其中,建筑隐喻、旅程隐喻和机器隐喻是《中国政府工作报告》中使用频率最高的三种隐喻模式。这些隐喻的使用表明,中国是一个发展中国家,其当前任务是发展经济提高人民生活水平,这就需要建立一个和平稳定的外部环境,加强国与国之间的交往尤其是与发达国家之间。从战争隐喻、水流隐喻、植物隐喻、机体隐喻、身体隐喻等隐喻模式在政府报告中的使用,可以看出我国的社会主义发展与时俱进,随着国内外大环境的不断变化而及时调整治国政策,努力建设和谐社会,始终坚持党全心全意为人民服务的根本宗旨。
[Abstract]:The study of metaphor has always been the focus of linguists. The traditional metaphorical study only looks at metaphor as a simple rhetorical device, but does not examine it in the larger context of human cognition, thinking and communicative activities. Therefore, there is a lack of comprehensive explanation of metaphorical mechanism and other essential issues. Contemporary metaphor studies believe that metaphor is not only a rhetorical phenomenon, but also a basic and universal cognitive way for human beings to understand the world. It can be used to explain the formation of people's concepts, the process of thinking, and the development of cognition. Lakoff explains metaphor from the perspective of thinking mode and thinks that metaphor is the cognitive mode of understanding and experiencing another through one kind of thing and truly brings the study of metaphor into the field of cognitive science. In recent decades, more and more linguists have paid close attention to the use of metaphor in political discourse. Charteris-Black (2004) proposed a new approach to metaphorical analysis: critical metaphor analysis, comprehensive use of critical discourse analysis and cognitive linguistics. Pragmatics and Corpus Linguistics are used to analyze metaphors to reveal the ideology, attitude and belief behind the discourse. The analysis of critical metaphor combines linguistic analysis with cognitive understanding and social culture to analyze metaphor through the hidden ideology behind it. However, most of the current research subjects are English political discourses, and the study of metaphor in Chinese political discourses has just begun. The Chinese Government work report is a form of official document of the people's Republic of China. The government work report is the concentrated embodiment of the party's will and train of thought, and it reflects the government's ruling idea and ideology in a timely and profound manner, which is an authoritative and representative political discourse. The study selected the Chinese Government work report from 2003 to 2012 to establish a corpus (212673 words in total). With the help of corpus recognition to extract conceptual metaphors and Charteris-Black (2004: 3435)'s critical metaphorical analysis model, the conceptual metaphors used in Chinese government work reports are classified and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. This paper probes into the use and development of metaphor in Chinese political discourse and tries to reveal the ideology of the Chinese government and the ruling idea of the Communist Party of China which are hidden behind the political discourse. The data analysis shows that there are nine kinds of conceptual metaphors in the Chinese Government work report: journey metaphor, architecture metaphor, machine metaphor, plant metaphor, water flow metaphor, war metaphor, family metaphor, organism metaphor and body metaphor. Although the expressions of metaphors are added to the annual government reports, the main conceptual metaphor patterns have not changed. Among them, architectural metaphor, journey metaphor and machine metaphor are the three most frequently used metaphorical models in China Government work report. The use of these metaphors shows that China is a developing country whose immediate task is to develop its economy and improve the living standards of its people, which requires the establishment of a peaceful and stable external environment. Strengthen contacts between countries, especially with developed countries. From the use of metaphorical models such as war metaphor, water metaphor, plant metaphor, organism metaphor and body metaphor in the government report, we can see that the socialist development of our country keeps pace with the times. With the constant changes of the domestic and foreign environment, the policy of governing the country is adjusted in time, the harmonious society is built, and the fundamental aim of serving the people wholeheartedly is always adhered to.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H15

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