汉语嵌套问句及其嵌套谓词

发布时间：2018-07-07 19:57

本文选题：嵌套谓词 + 嵌套问句　；参考：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：动词后的问句补语现象一直备受语言学家的关注。本文参考Grimshaw(1979)对英语嵌套动词的观点和Karttunen(1977)对英语嵌套问句语义指谓的提议,运用X‘理论,投射原则和格理论对汉语问句动词及其后的问句补语进行探究。本文主要专注汉语嵌套谓词和嵌套问句的以下问题:1)问句嵌套谓词具有什么样的句法语义特征;2)带嵌套问句宾语句子的疑问语气是怎样表征的;3)汉语嵌套问句和隐性问句的语义解读有何异同。为了回答以上几个问题,本文主要从汉语嵌套动词的选择限制、语义分类、嵌套问句的语义解读以及嵌套问句与隐性问句的语义解读等方面进行了详细描写与分析,得出结论如下:第一,汉语动词对其宾语有语义和句法形式的双重选择限制,即语义选择和范畴选择,前者指动词对其后宾语有语义类型的要求,后者指动词对其后宾语有句法范畴的要求。本文认为,宾语的语义类型可分为命题,问句,感叹句;宾语的句法范畴可分为标句词短语,名词短语,空宾语。一般认为只有满足语义类型为问句且句法范畴为标句词短语才能嵌套在问句嵌套谓词之后。但本文发现有些动词能嵌套语义类型为问句但句法范畴为名词短语的宾语。这种形式的宾语被称为隐性问句,是嵌套问句的一种特殊形式。第二,带嵌套问句宾语句子疑问语气的表征会受到诸多因素的限制。本文认为疑问语气对动词的语义特征,主语人称指称,疑问小品词,句子的重音语调都有选择要求。同时允准可变性也会影响句子疑问语气表征。第三,通过分析汉语嵌套问句和隐性问句的语义解读,比较汉语中的嵌套问句和隐性问句分布状况和汉语主动词的选择要求,本文得出嵌套问句的语义特征是不依赖世界的命题概念,它指谓的是可能世界中的所有真实而穷尽的答案集合。而隐性问句是依赖世界的命题,它的语义解读与看待语境域的角度相关。同时,本文指出,汉语动词对其后的宾语的语义特征有选择限制,即语义指谓和世界依赖与否的要求。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of question complement after verb has been concerned by linguists all the time. Referring to Grimshaw (1979)'s view of English nesting verbs and Karttunen's (1977)'s proposal on semantic predicate of English nested question sentences, this paper uses X'theory, projection principle and case theory to explore Chinese question verbs and their subsequent question complements. This paper focuses on the following questions of nested predicates and nested questions in Chinese: 1) what syntactic and semantic features do nested predicates have? 2) how the interrogative mood of object sentences with nested questions is represented? What are the similarities and differences in the semantic interpretation of implicit questions? In order to answer the above questions, this paper mainly describes and analyzes the selection limitation of Chinese nested verbs, semantic classification, semantic interpretation of nested questions, and semantic interpretation of nested questions and implicit questions. The conclusions are as follows: first, the Chinese verb has the double choice restriction of semantic and syntactic forms to its object, that is, the semantic choice and the category choice, the former refers to the requirement of the verb to have the semantic type of the subsequent object. The latter refers to the requirement that the verb has syntactic category for the object after it. This paper holds that the semantic types of objects can be divided into propositions, questions and exclamations, and the syntactic categories of objects can be divided into tag phrase, noun phrase and empty object. It is generally believed that only if the semantic type is the question sentence and the syntactic category is the target word phrase can it be nested after the question sentence nested predicate. However, this paper finds that some verbs can nest objects with semantic type as question and syntactic category as noun phrases. This kind of object is called recessive question, and it is a special form of nested question. Secondly, the representation of interrogative mood with nested questions is limited by many factors. This paper holds that interrogative mood is required to select the semantic characteristics of verbs, subject person reference, interrogative sketch words, and the stress and intonation of sentences. At the same time, the variability of permission will also affect the expression of sentence interrogative mood. Thirdly, by analyzing the semantic interpretation of Chinese nested question and implicit question, the author compares the distribution of nested question and recessive question and the choice requirement of Chinese active word. In this paper, it is concluded that the semantic feature of nested question is the concept of proposition independent of the world, which refers to all the real and exhaustive answer sets in the possible world. The implicit question is a proposition that depends on the world, and its semantic interpretation is related to the perspective of the context domain. At the same time, this paper points out that Chinese verbs have selective restrictions on the semantic characteristics of the subsequent objects, that is, the requirement of semantic predicate and world dependence.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H146.3

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