空间视角表达的认知语言研究

发布时间：2018-07-11 09:36

本文选题：空间 + 认知　；参考：《南京大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：视角是人类最普遍、最基本的认知方式之一,空间是认知语言学中最基本的认知域之一,因此空间视角是影响语言表达的重要因素。本文以“空间视角表达的认知语言研究”为题,运用认知心理学和认知语言学相关理论,从广义空间视角和狭义空间视角两个层面,主要考察了空间域中视角因素与空间语义句法表达的关系。全文以汉语研究为主,英语等外语为佐证,既探求视角在空间认知中普遍而基础的地位,又考察了不同语言中视角表达的差异性。从而从普通语言学和具体的现代汉语方位表达两方面来考察空间视角认知的共性与个性。第一章从“空间”定义出发,我们发现空间既可能是一维的,又可能是二维的,还有可能是三维的。空间既是有限的,又是无限的；既有占有义,又有空置义。进而按照认知科学中“现实、认知和语言”的关系,将空间三分为物理空间、心理空间和语言空间。这为接下来界定视角这一空间认知域重要组成部分奠定了基础,我们强调视角既有广义和狭义之分,又有主观和客观之分。就内容而言,我们将人们对二维空间(地图或平面图)和三维空间的观察区分为外部视角和内部视角,外部视角和内部视角统称为广义空间视角；将三维空间内的内部视角系统成为狭义空间视角。就角度而言,视角反映了人类识解空间场景的方式,视角表达既可以较客观的反映现实场景,又可以与现实场景差异较大,我们将之分别称为客观视角和主观视角。本文既研究客观视角映射到空间语言表达的过程,又研究主观视角选择的影响及其成因。第二章和第三章主要强调人类空间视角的共性。第二章中,我们从广义空间视角层面,按现实→认知→语言的思路,采用心理实验法和数理统计法设计了两个实验,考察空间感知、心理再现和语言描述中的广义空间视角。实验1分析了外部视角描述和内部视角描述的语言特征。结果表明视角既体现在语言的词汇层面,又体现在句法以及语篇层面。实验2通过检验人们能否从陌生视角来描述熟悉的空间场景,来探讨视角在空间心理再现和语言输出时的转换过程。被试按要求从内部或外部视角来描述一个熟悉建筑物的布局。结果表明说话人能够从陌生视角来描述该空间场景。综合实验1和实验2,我们最终归纳出物理空间-心理空间-语言空间的视角转换模型。第三章中,我们借鉴认知语言学相关研究成果,将三维空间内的狭义空间视角系统分解为观察点位置、观察距离、观察范围(注意力辖域)、视角运动性和观察方式(总括式扫描／次第式扫描)、观察方向(顺序扫描／逆序扫描)等子范畴,具体分析其对语言表达所产生的影响,并考察了由各子范畴结合组成的复合范畴及其认知原则。第四章将注意力集中在现代汉语本体上。我们从汉语语言事实出发,遵循形式和意义相结合原则,以定性分析为主,辅以定量分析,探讨了主观视角和现代汉语方位表达间的关系。运用第三章提出的视角范畴和认知原则,主要考察了现代汉语名词与方位词搭配的倾向性,名词与方位词搭配的自由度,方位词“上、下”的特殊用法,和水平维度方位表达歧义等具体的语言现象。
[Abstract]:Visual angle is one of the most common and basic cognitive ways of human beings. Space is one of the most basic cognitive domains in cognitive linguistics. Therefore, spatial perspective is an important factor affecting language expression. This paper is based on the cognitive linguistics and cognitive linguistics theory of cognitive linguistics. In the two aspects of angle and narrow space, the relationship between visual angle factors and spatial semantic syntactic expression in space domain is mainly examined. The full text is based on Chinese research, English and other foreign languages as evidence. It not only explores the general and basic position of visual angle in spatial cognition, but also examines the differences in the different views expressed in different words, thus from the common language. The first chapter, from the definition of "space", finds that space may be one dimension, and may be two-dimensional, and may be three-dimensional. Space is both limited and infinite; it has two aspects: both possession and empty meaning. According to the relationship of "reality, cognition and language" in cognitive science, the three space is divided into physical space, psychological space and language space. This lays the foundation for the important component of the spatial cognitive domain that defines the angle of view, and we emphasize that the perspective has both broad and narrow sense and subjective and objective points. The observation of two-dimensional space (map or plane map) and three-dimensional space is divided into external and internal perspectives, and the external and internal perspectives are generalized as the broad space perspective; the internal angle of view within the three-dimensional space becomes a narrow space perspective. From the angle, the perspective reflects the way of human understanding of the space scene, the perspective expression. It can not only reflect the realistic scene but also be different from the real scene. We call it the objective and the subjective perspective. This paper not only studies the process of the objective and the subjective perspective, but also studies the influence and the cause of the choice of the subjective perspective. The second chapter and the third chapter mainly emphasize the common perspective of human space. In the second chapter, from the perspective of generalized spatial perspective, we have designed two experiments by psychological experiment method and mathematical statistics method according to the thought of reality, cognition and language. We examine the spatial perception, psychological reproduction and the generalized spatial perspective in the language description. Experiment 1 analyses the linguistic features of the external visual angle description and the internal visual angle description. It shows that the angle of view is not only reflected in the lexical level of the language, but also in the syntactic and textual level. In Experiment 2, by testing whether people can describe the familiar space scene from a strange angle of view, to explore the transformation process of visual angle in spatial psychological reproduction and language output. The subjects are asked to describe a familiar building from the internal or external perspective. The results show that the speaker can describe the space scene from a strange perspective. 1 and 2, we finally conclude the visual angle transformation model of the physical space - psychological space - language space. In the third chapter, we use the related research results of cognitive linguistics to decompose the narrow space perspective system in the three dimensional space into a view. The point of observation, observation distance, observation range (attention jurisdiction), visual angle movement and observation mode (total scan / secondary scan), observation direction (sequential scan / reverse scan) subcategory, analyze its influence on language expression, and examine the complex category and cognitive principle composed of subcategories. The fourth chapter focuses on the noumenon of modern Chinese. From the fact of Chinese language, we follow the principle of combination of form and meaning, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and discuss the relationship between the subjective angle of view and the orientation of modern Chinese. Using the perspective category and the cognitive principle put forward in the third chapter, we mainly examine the modern times. The tendencies of the collocation of Chinese nouns and azimuth words, the degree of freedom of the collocation of noun and azimuth words, the special usage of the azimuth words "up and down", and the expression of ambiguity in the direction of the horizontal dimension.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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