狄考文《官话类编》语汇研究

发布时间：2018-07-11 15:12

本文选题：狄考文 + 官话类编　；参考：《浙江财经学院》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：《官话类编》是晚清时期由美国传教士狄考文编写的汉语教科书，目的是向来华的传教士推广当时的通行语，即“官话”。语汇虽起源于古代汉语，但是却活跃于近代汉语，尤其是汉语口语中。《官话类编》于20世纪末出版，这一时期的汉语正处于近代汉语向现代汉语过渡的阶段，加之以汉语口语作为教学主体，因此书中记录了大量有价值的语汇材料，内容丰富生动，表达力强。本文以《官话类编》中的成语、歇后语、谚语和惯用语作为研究对象，对其进行共时的静态描写，从语的分类、结构类型的角度对《官话类编》中的语汇进行深入分析。另从历时的角度，将《官话类编》中出现的语汇与现代语汇类辞书进行比较，收集整理出各语汇类专项词典均没有收录或者收录但没有解释的词条，通过搜索关键词、检索语料库以及参考狄考文的英文解释这三种考察方式探析语义，这对完善辞书词条的收录和编纂无疑是有极高价值的。全文共分为六章：第一章介绍《官话类编》内容及版本、《官话类编》的研究价值、研究现状以及研究内容和方法。第二章介绍《官话类编》中成语的结构类型，讨论书中出现的同义四字结构，并对部分成语进行语源探析。第三章介绍《官话类编》中歇后语的结构类型，对没有被各代表性语汇类词典收录的歇后语通过词典和文献考察进行语义探析。由于文化背景、风俗习惯等的不同，狄考文对某些歇后语的翻译并不妥当。笔者对这样的翻译进行整理归类，并从跨文化的角度分析其出现汉英意思不对等的原因，并在最后提出更为合理更符合中国国情的翻译方案。第四章介绍《官话类编》中谚语的结构类型及对称形式，对没有被各代表性语汇类词典收录的谚语通过词典和文献考察进行语义探析。并进一步探究《官话类编》中谚语的来源及口语性。第五章介绍《官话类编》中惯用语的结构类型，对没有被各代表性语汇类词典收录的惯用语通过词典和文献考察进行语义探析。狄考文对某些惯用语的翻译并不妥当，，笔者将这样的翻译整理归类，并分析出现汉英意思不对等的原因，并提出更符合句意和中国国情的翻译方案。第六章从对外汉语教学的角度研究《官话类编》的语汇，分析狄考文选择语汇作为对外汉语教学对象的契机。并将《官话类编》中的语汇教学与现代对外汉语语汇教学进行比较。
[Abstract]:The Classics of Mandarin is a Chinese textbook written by American missionary Dikowen in the late Qing Dynasty, with the aim of popularizing the popular language of the time, that is, "Mandarin", to the missionaries who came to China. Although the vocabulary originated from ancient Chinese, it is active in modern Chinese, especially in spoken Chinese. The Classics of Mandarin language was published at the end of the 20th century. The Chinese language in this period is in the stage of transition from modern Chinese to modern Chinese. In addition, oral Chinese as the main teaching body, so the book recorded a large number of valuable vocabulary materials, rich and vivid, strong expressiveness. In this paper, the idioms, sayings, proverbs and idioms in the Classics of Mandarin language are taken as the research objects, and the synchronic static description of them is carried out. From the angle of the classification of the words and the structural types, the author makes a deep analysis of the vocabulary in the Classics of the Mandarin dialect. In addition, from a diachronic point of view, this paper compares the vocabulary in "official language Category" with the modern lexicon, and collects and sorts out the entries that are not included or included but not explained in the special dictionaries of various vocabulary categories, and by searching for key words, Searching the corpus and referring to the English explanation of Dickauen are three ways to explore the semantics, which is undoubtedly of great value to the perfection of the collection and compilation of lexical entries. The full text is divided into six chapters: the first chapter introduces the content and edition of Mandarin language, the research value, research status, research contents and methods. Chapter two introduces the structure types of idioms, discusses the synonym structure in the book, and analyzes the etymology of some idioms. The third chapter introduces the structure types of Xiehouyu in the Classics of Mandarin, and makes a semantic analysis of the Xiehouyu which has not been included in various representative lexicographical dictionaries through dictionaries and literature review. Because of the different cultural background, customs and habits, Dickauwen's translation of some hymns is not appropriate. The author classifies such translation and analyzes the reasons for the unequal meaning between Chinese and English from the cross-cultural point of view, and finally puts forward a more reasonable and more suitable translation scheme in accordance with the national conditions of China. The fourth chapter introduces the structural types and symmetric forms of proverbs in Classics of Mandarin, and analyzes the semantics of proverbs which are not included in various representative lexicographical dictionaries through dictionaries and literature. And further explore the source and spoken language of proverbs in Mandarin. The fifth chapter introduces the structural types of idioms in Classics of Mandarin, and analyzes the semantics of idioms that are not included in various representative lexicographs through dictionaries and literature. It is not appropriate for the translation of some idioms. The author classifies the translation and analyzes the reasons for the unequal meaning between Chinese and English, and puts forward a translation scheme which is more in line with the Chinese national conditions. The sixth chapter studies the vocabulary of Chinese as a foreign language from the perspective of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and analyzes the opportunity for Diaowen to choose the vocabulary as the object of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. This paper compares the teaching of vocabulary with that of modern Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：浙江财经学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H134;H195.3

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