工具义介词的历时演变研究
发布时间：2018-07-15 08:37
【摘要】：介词在句法系统中占有重要地位,但是在不同的语言中介词的数量和虚化程度是不同的。介词主要由动词语法化而来,尤其是赋元动词。"以"、"用"、"持"、"取"、"捉"、"著"、"将"、"把"、"拿"、"使"这十个介词都是在连谓结构中由动词虚化而来,它们的宾语经常是工具成分,所以称之为工具义介词。这十个介词在相同的句法结构中标记相同的成分,但是它们的出现时间、发展过程以及发展结果都不尽相同。"以"和"用"产生最早,持续时间最长,"以"直到清代后期才消失,而"用"至今还在广泛使用。"持"在西汉萌芽,"取、捉、著、将"出现在中古汉语阶段;"把、使、拿"在唐宋时期才出现,相对较晚。除了"用"之外,其他介词存在的时间长短不一,但是最终都没有在普通话中保存下来,"捉、使、拿"在方言中仍有使用。
[Abstract]:Prepositions play an important role in the syntactic system, but in different languages, the number and the degree of the prepositions are different. Prepositions come mainly from grammaticalization of verbs, especially fuyuan verbs. " The ten prepositions of "," use "," hold "," take "," catch "," will "," take "," make "come from the verb in the predicate structure, and their objects are often instrumental elements, so they are called instrumental prepositions. These ten prepositions mark the same components in the same syntactic structure, but their appearance, development process, and development result are different. " "he" was the earliest generation, the longest duration, "to" did not disappear until the late Qing Dynasty, and "use" is still widely used. "in the Western Han Dynasty," take, catch, and will "appear in the Middle Chinese stage;" the Tang, so, Na "only appeared in the Tang and Song dynasties, relatively late. In addition to "use", other prepositions exist for different periods of time, but in the end they are not preserved in Putonghua. "catch, make, take, take" are still used in dialects.
【作者单位】： 吉林大学文学院;
【分类号】：H146.2
[Abstract]:Prepositions play an important role in the syntactic system, but in different languages, the number and the degree of the prepositions are different. Prepositions come mainly from grammaticalization of verbs, especially fuyuan verbs. " The ten prepositions of "," use "," hold "," take "," catch "," will "," take "," make "come from the verb in the predicate structure, and their objects are often instrumental elements, so they are called instrumental prepositions. These ten prepositions mark the same components in the same syntactic structure, but their appearance, development process, and development result are different. " "he" was the earliest generation, the longest duration, "to" did not disappear until the late Qing Dynasty, and "use" is still widely used. "in the Western Han Dynasty," take, catch, and will "appear in the Middle Chinese stage;" the Tang, so, Na "only appeared in the Tang and Song dynasties, relatively late. In addition to "use", other prepositions exist for different periods of time, but in the end they are not preserved in Putonghua. "catch, make, take, take" are still used in dialects.
【作者单位】： 吉林大学文学院;
【分类号】：H146.2
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