面向二语学习者的汉语成语教学大纲研究

发布时间：2018-07-20 22:18

【摘要】：成语是现代汉语词汇系统中特殊的一类,在结构、语义、语法、语用等多个方面具有自身的独特性。在对外汉语教学的高级阶段,成语往往作为文化教学的重要内容出现。但实际上,成语在交际层面也发挥着巨大的作用。当前对外汉语成语教学缺乏专门性的、针对二语学习者的成语教学大纲,一定程度上限制了对外汉语成语教学的发展,进而限制了学习者在交际中对成语的运用和进入高级阶段后汉语的丰富。本研究结合现行语言文字规范、词汇大纲、权威教材词汇表,借助语料库,建立面向二语学习者的汉语成语教学大纲,并以收入大纲的成语为研究对象,运用文献研究、定性与定量研究、分析与描写等多种研究方法,从结构、功能两大方面及语法、语义、语用三个层面对成语进行全面而细致的分析,为汉语的成语教学提供参考。大纲建立上,本研究对比一个语言规范、两个词汇大纲、两本权威教材词汇表,结合语料库,找出了高频常用成语,并加以人工统计,确立起由200个成语构成的成语教学大纲,作为下一步研究的基础。结构方面,本研究从形式结构、语法结构、语义结构三个方面入手,对成语进行了全面而细致的分析。发现大纲成语形式结构规整、语法结构丰富、语义结构复杂,具有规律性的特征。功能方面,本研究考察了大纲成语在具体的语言环境中的句法功能和语用功能。发现成语在句法方面的规律性特征,并结合原型语法理论逐一界定了成语的核心句法功能；同时界定成语的语用类属和色彩功能。本研究首次建立了面向二语学习者的汉语成语教学大纲,并针对大纲成语结构和功能进行逐一分析描写,丰富了成语的本体研究。最终形成的具有语义、语法、语用标注的成语大纲,可供对外汉语成语教学使用,具有实用价值。
[Abstract]:Idiom is a special category in modern Chinese lexical system, which has its own uniqueness in structure, semantics, grammar, pragmatics and so on. In the advanced stage of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, idioms often appear as important contents of culture teaching. But in fact, idioms also play a great role in communication. At present, the idiom teaching of Chinese as a foreign language is lack of specialization, and the syllabus of idiom teaching for second language learners has to a certain extent restricted the development of Chinese idiom teaching as a foreign language. Then it limits learners' use of idioms in communication and the enrichment of Chinese language after entering advanced stage. With the help of corpus, this study establishes a Chinese idiom teaching program for second language learners, taking the idioms of the syllabus as the research object, and using the literature to study the idioms of the syllabus, which is based on the current language and character norms, vocabulary syllabus, and authoritative teaching materials, with the help of a corpus. Qualitative and quantitative research, analysis and description of various research methods, from the structural, functional and grammatical, semantic, pragmatic three levels of idiom comprehensive and meticulous analysis of idioms, for the teaching of Chinese idioms to provide a reference. On the establishment of the syllabus, this study contrasts one language norm, two vocabulary outlines, two authoritative glossary of teaching materials, combines the corpus, finds out the common idioms of high frequency, and makes artificial statistics, and establishes the syllabus of idiom teaching consisting of 200 idioms. As the basis of the next research. In the aspect of structure, this study makes a comprehensive and detailed analysis of idioms from three aspects: formal structure, grammatical structure and semantic structure. It is found that syllabus idioms have regular formal structure, rich grammatical structure and complex semantic structure. In terms of function, this study examines the syntactic and pragmatic functions of outline idioms in specific language environments. This paper finds out the syntactic regularity of idioms, and defines the core syntactic functions of idioms one by one, as well as the pragmatic category and color functions of idioms in combination with the prototype grammar theory. For the first time, this study establishes a syllabus of Chinese idioms for L2 learners, and analyzes and describes the idioms' structure and function one by one, which enriches the ontological study of idioms. The final outline of idioms with semantic, grammatical and pragmatic tagging can be used in teaching Chinese idioms as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.3

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