英汉句子焦点实证研究：声学语音学视角
发布时间：2018-07-25 09:13
【摘要】：韵律学研究人类话语的旋律或节奏。它是语音习得和语音感知不可缺少元素。中英两种语言的韵律差异，常常被认为是是造成学习者外国腔的重要原因。因此，有必要将两种语言的韵律加以比较研究。然而，国内发表的文献中还没有多少专门对中英两种语言进行对比的韵律研究。本文试图从韵律特征的角度对英汉两种语言的韵律进行平行对比研究，，以探究句子焦点这一句子中最重要的成分是如何在这两种语言中得到实现的。 本文报道了一项关于英汉句子焦点之韵律特征的实证研究。本研究基于三T理论（调群切分、调核承载和语调格局）(Halliday,1967; Wells,2006），通过考察句子焦点的三个声学参数：时长，音强，基频，探究以下问题： 1）英语句子焦点是如何实现？ 2）汉语句子焦点如何实现？ 3）英汉句子焦点在实现方式上有何相似和不同？ 4）中国二语习得者的句子焦点产出与英语RP母语者有何相似和不同？ 本研究的实验材料为笔者设计的四组中英文匹配句子。每组材料在句型及焦点数目上存在差异。同组句子在句子焦点位置的布局上存在差异。本研究的受试由4名英语标准发音人，4名汉语普通话标准发音人以及20名中国英语学习者组成。 录音采样分别在江苏科技大学语音科学实验室和剑桥大学语音科学实验室的专业录音棚里，通过Cool Edit Pro V2.1录音软件完成录制。并通过Praat5240-win32语音分析然软件进行录音数据标注和声学分析。最后通过Excel及SPSS进行相关数据统计和分析。 本研究发现如下： 1.在英语中，句子焦点主要通过延长时长和扩大音高调域的方式来实现。音强在焦点的突显方面不起主要作用。具体如下： (1)句中单词成为焦点时，单词时长得到显著延长。(2)音强与焦点的实现相关性较弱。(3)焦点词音高曲拱与所处句子类型相关。(4)非焦点句中，句末实意词是调核的载体。 2.在汉语中，句子焦点通过延长时长，增加音强以及扩大调域的方式得到实现。三个参数中，时长和音强比调域起着更加重要的作用。 (1)从时长角度看，处于焦点位置的单词时长得到显著延长。(2)单词处于焦点位置，音强得到增强。(3)受汉语字调影响，焦点词无论在陈述句还是疑问句中，均呈现同一形状的音高曲拱。(4)非焦点句的调核通常落于句末实意词上同时承载调核重音。 3.中英句子焦点的韵律结构有以下相似之处： (1)时长在中英句子焦点的实现中均扮演着重要角色。(2)中英单焦点陈述句中，所有焦点词音强得到增强。(3)中英非焦点句的调核通常落于句末实意词上同时承载调核重音。 中英句子焦点韵律结构有以下相异之处： (1)音强在汉语句子的焦点实现中扮演更加显著的角色(2)英语中，调域对于焦点实现的作用比在汉语中大。 4.中国二语学习者与英语标准语者焦点实现方式有以下相同之处： (1)标准语者与二语习学习者均延长了焦点的时长来实现句子焦点。(2)中国英语学习者和英语标准者都把语料中的简单句当成一个语调短语。 两群体在语音焦点的实现方式上有以下相异之处： (1)二语学习者焦点词的绝对时长显著长于标准语者。(2)二语学习者产出的每个焦点的音强均得到了增强，而标准语者的产出中，并非如此。 以上发现结果对英语焦点理论以及第二外语教与学具有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Prosodic studies the melody or rhythm of human discourse. It is an indispensable element in speech acquisition and speech perception. The rhythmic differences between the Chinese and English languages are often considered to be an important cause of the foreign language of the learners. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the prosody of the two languages. However, there is not much in the literature published in China. A study of the rhythm of the Chinese and English languages. This paper tries to study the prosody of the two languages from the angle of prosody to explore how the most important part of the sentence focus is realized in the two languages.
This paper reports an empirical study of the prosodic features of English and Chinese sentence focus. This study is based on the three T theory (Halliday, 1967; Wells, 2006). The following questions are explored by examining the three acoustic parameters of the focus of the sentence: length, intensity, and fundamental frequency.
1) how does the focus of the English sentence be realized?
2) how does the focus of Chinese sentence be realized?
3) What are the similarities and differences between English and Chinese sentence focus in the way of realization?
4) What are the similarities and differences between Chinese second language learners and English RP native speakers in sentence focus production?
The experimental materials of this study are four sets of Chinese and English matched sentences. Each group has a difference in the number of sentence patterns and focus. There are differences in the layout of the same sentence in the position of the focus of the sentence. The subjects of this study are composed of 4 English standard pronouns, 4 Chinese standard Chinese pronouns and 20 Chinese English learners.
The recording samples were recorded in the phonetic Science Laboratory of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology and the phonetic Science Laboratory of University of Cambridge respectively through the Cool Edit Pro V2.1 recording software, and the audio data annotation and acoustic analysis were carried out by Praat5240-win32 voice analysis. Finally, the related data series were carried out by Excel and SPSS. Analysis and analysis.
The findings of this study are as follows:
1. in English, the focus of the sentence is achieved by prolonging the length of the sentence and expanding the pitch of the pitch. The intensity of the sound does not play a major role in the prominence of the focus.
(1) when the word becomes the focus, the length of the word is prolonged significantly. (2) the correlation between the intensity of the sound and the realization of the focus is weak. (3) the pitch curve of the focus word is related to the type of sentence. (4) in the non focus sentence, the end of the sentence is the carrier of the core.
2. in Chinese, the focus of the sentence is realized by prolonging the length, increasing the intensity of the sound and expanding the area of the tune. In the three parameters, the length and the intensity of the sound are more important than the domain.
(1) from the point of view, the length of the word in the focus position is prolonged significantly. (2) the word is in the focus position and the sound intensity is enhanced. (3) influenced by the Chinese characters, the focus words both present the same shape of the pitch arch in both the declarative and interrogative sentences. (4) the non focus sentence is usually at the end of the end of the sentence. Nuclear stress.
3. The prosodic structure of the focus in Chinese and English sentences has the following similarities:
(1) the time length plays an important role in the realization of the focus of the Chinese and English sentences. (2) in the Chinese and English single focus statements, the intensity of all the focus words is enhanced. (3) the nucleus of the Middle English Non focus sentence usually falls on the end of the sentence and carries the accent stress at the same time.
There are some differences in the focus prosodic structure between Chinese and English sentences.
(1) Tone intensity plays a more significant role in the realization of focus in Chinese sentences (2) In English, register plays a greater role in the realization of focus than in Chinese.
4. there are the following similarities between the two language learners in China and the standard speakers in English:
(1) both the standard speaker and the two language learner extend the focus time to achieve the focus of the sentence. (2) both Chinese English learners and English standard learners regard simple sentences in the corpus as a intonation phrase.
The two groups have the following differences in the way of realizing the voice focus:
(1) the absolute length of the focus words of the two language learners is significantly longer than that of the standard speakers. (2) the intensity of each focus of the output of the two language learners is enhanced, and that is not the case in the output of the standard speakers.
The findings above can be used for reference in English focus theory and teaching and learning in second foreign languages.
【学位授予单位】：江苏科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H116;H311
本文编号：2143342
[Abstract]:Prosodic studies the melody or rhythm of human discourse. It is an indispensable element in speech acquisition and speech perception. The rhythmic differences between the Chinese and English languages are often considered to be an important cause of the foreign language of the learners. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the prosody of the two languages. However, there is not much in the literature published in China. A study of the rhythm of the Chinese and English languages. This paper tries to study the prosody of the two languages from the angle of prosody to explore how the most important part of the sentence focus is realized in the two languages.
This paper reports an empirical study of the prosodic features of English and Chinese sentence focus. This study is based on the three T theory (Halliday, 1967; Wells, 2006). The following questions are explored by examining the three acoustic parameters of the focus of the sentence: length, intensity, and fundamental frequency.
1) how does the focus of the English sentence be realized?
2) how does the focus of Chinese sentence be realized?
3) What are the similarities and differences between English and Chinese sentence focus in the way of realization?
4) What are the similarities and differences between Chinese second language learners and English RP native speakers in sentence focus production?
The experimental materials of this study are four sets of Chinese and English matched sentences. Each group has a difference in the number of sentence patterns and focus. There are differences in the layout of the same sentence in the position of the focus of the sentence. The subjects of this study are composed of 4 English standard pronouns, 4 Chinese standard Chinese pronouns and 20 Chinese English learners.
The recording samples were recorded in the phonetic Science Laboratory of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology and the phonetic Science Laboratory of University of Cambridge respectively through the Cool Edit Pro V2.1 recording software, and the audio data annotation and acoustic analysis were carried out by Praat5240-win32 voice analysis. Finally, the related data series were carried out by Excel and SPSS. Analysis and analysis.
The findings of this study are as follows:
1. in English, the focus of the sentence is achieved by prolonging the length of the sentence and expanding the pitch of the pitch. The intensity of the sound does not play a major role in the prominence of the focus.
(1) when the word becomes the focus, the length of the word is prolonged significantly. (2) the correlation between the intensity of the sound and the realization of the focus is weak. (3) the pitch curve of the focus word is related to the type of sentence. (4) in the non focus sentence, the end of the sentence is the carrier of the core.
2. in Chinese, the focus of the sentence is realized by prolonging the length, increasing the intensity of the sound and expanding the area of the tune. In the three parameters, the length and the intensity of the sound are more important than the domain.
(1) from the point of view, the length of the word in the focus position is prolonged significantly. (2) the word is in the focus position and the sound intensity is enhanced. (3) influenced by the Chinese characters, the focus words both present the same shape of the pitch arch in both the declarative and interrogative sentences. (4) the non focus sentence is usually at the end of the end of the sentence. Nuclear stress.
3. The prosodic structure of the focus in Chinese and English sentences has the following similarities:
(1) the time length plays an important role in the realization of the focus of the Chinese and English sentences. (2) in the Chinese and English single focus statements, the intensity of all the focus words is enhanced. (3) the nucleus of the Middle English Non focus sentence usually falls on the end of the sentence and carries the accent stress at the same time.
There are some differences in the focus prosodic structure between Chinese and English sentences.
(1) Tone intensity plays a more significant role in the realization of focus in Chinese sentences (2) In English, register plays a greater role in the realization of focus than in Chinese.
4. there are the following similarities between the two language learners in China and the standard speakers in English:
(1) both the standard speaker and the two language learner extend the focus time to achieve the focus of the sentence. (2) both Chinese English learners and English standard learners regard simple sentences in the corpus as a intonation phrase.
The two groups have the following differences in the way of realizing the voice focus:
(1) the absolute length of the focus words of the two language learners is significantly longer than that of the standard speakers. (2) the intensity of each focus of the output of the two language learners is enhanced, and that is not the case in the output of the standard speakers.
The findings above can be used for reference in English focus theory and teaching and learning in second foreign languages.
【学位授予单位】：江苏科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H116;H311
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 吴宗济;;实验语音学与语言学[J];语文研究;1981年01期
2 贾媛;李爱军;陈轶亚;;普通话五字组焦点成分音高和时长模式研究[J];语言文字应用;2008年04期
本文编号：2143342
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