对外汉语知识文化和交际文化教学研究

发布时间：2018-08-08 13:17

【摘要】：语言是文化的一部分,文化教学对于语言教学是非常有必要的。同样,对外汉语教学也离不开文化教学。张占一从功能的角度将对外汉语中文化因素分为知识文化与交际文化。知识文化是指在两种文化背景中的人交际时不会影响信息传递的一种文化,交际文化则是指两种文化背景的人交流时影响信息传递的一种文化,包含语言交际文化和非语言交际文化。语言交际文化又包含两项,即语义文化和语用文化。本文以以语言为纲的对外汉语教材和专门的文化教材的语料为依托,调查了知识文化与交际文化在呈现在教材中的具体文化项目和导入方式。在此基础上阐释了文化教学的教学原则,针对知识文化和交际文化不同的特点做了不同方法教学方法的应用和示例。主要如下:知识文化使用的课堂内的教学方法包括讲授法、讨论法、演示法等方法。适用的课堂外的教学方法包括实践法等方法。语用文化适用的课堂内的教学方法包括情境交际法、文化异同比较法等方法。适用的课堂外的教学方法包括发现法、表演法等方法。语义文化词汇与一般词汇教学的不同,本文同样探讨了语义文化词汇在教学中的注意事项,包含英文注释与实际意义不等的现象、按照《汉语水平词汇与等级大纲》给生词表中的文化词汇进行等级分类以及特殊结构词语的教学注意事项等方面的内容。因此,本文对于了解知识文化与交际文化在对外汉语教学中的导入情况以及采用如何种原则和何种教学方法教授知识文化与交际文化有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Language is a part of culture, culture teaching is very necessary for language teaching. Similarly, teaching Chinese as a foreign language can not be separated from cultural teaching. Zhang Zhanyi divides cultural factors into knowledge culture and communicative culture from the perspective of function. Knowledge culture is a kind of culture in which people in two cultural backgrounds do not affect the transmission of information in communication, and communication culture refers to a culture that affects information transmission when people from two cultural backgrounds communicate. It includes language communication culture and non-verbal communication culture. Language communication culture includes two aspects: semantic culture and pragmatic culture. Based on the corpus of Chinese as a second language teaching material and special cultural teaching material, this paper investigates the specific cultural items and ways of introducing knowledge culture and communicative culture in the teaching material. On this basis, the teaching principles of culture teaching are explained, and the application and examples of different teaching methods are made according to the different characteristics of knowledge culture and communicative culture. The main contents are as follows: the teaching methods used in knowledge culture include teaching method, discussion method, demonstration method and so on. The applicable teaching methods outside the classroom include the practical method and so on. The teaching methods of pragmatic culture include situational communication, cultural differences and similarities. Applicable outside classroom teaching methods include discovery method, performance method and so on. This paper also discusses the matters needing attention in the teaching of semantic cultural vocabulary, including the phenomenon of English annotation and actual meaning. According to the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Grade, the cultural vocabulary in the list of new words is classified into different levels, and the matters needing attention in the teaching of words with special structure are also discussed. Therefore, this paper has some reference significance for understanding the introduction of knowledge culture and communicative culture in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and how to teach knowledge culture and communication culture according to the principles and teaching methods.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H195

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