从C-R-A模式角度分析言语幽默

发布时间：2018-08-19 16:32

【摘要】：幽默是一种普遍存在的社会现象，而言语幽默作为幽默的一种,在日常生活中起着“润滑剂”的作用，，使复杂的社会交际变得简单有趣。因此，众多学者从不同领域对幽默进行分析与研究，比如哲学、心理学、社会学、修辞学等角度。随着语言学的发展和壮大，更有学者从语言学角度对言语幽默进行分析，将语言学理论与言语幽默结合起来，从语义学、社会语言学、心理语言学和语用学角度分析言语幽默。作为语言学的一个分支，语用学在分析言语幽默方面具有强大的解释力。曾有学者从合作原则、关联理论和顺应论角度分析言语幽默的产生机制和幽默的阐释。在借鉴和吸收前人的研究成果的基础之上，本文拟采取描述性与定性的研究方法，以语用学中合作原则、关联理论和顺应论为框架的C-R-A模式，对言语幽默进行剖析，旨在揭示语用理论中C-R-A模式对于幽默话语分析的可行性。C-R-A模式是由廖巧云在2005年提出的一个理论，被称为“一个避三个理论各自之短、扬它们各自之长的合三为一的C-R-A模式，使哲学、认知和社会这三个视角互补，以达到比原来任何一个单一的理论都还有力、全面的解释水平”（何兆熊，2005）。在C-R-A模式中，合作是交际的先决条件，关联是交际的必要条件，顺应是调节机制。C-R-A模式包括两个模式：初级模式和扩展模式。初级模式用来分析单个话语交际中言语幽默，扩展模式用来分析多话轮交际的言语幽默。在扩展模式中，将合作原则中的合作分为合作、欠合作和不合作；将关联理论中的关联分为最佳关联、欠关联和不关联；将顺应理论中的顺应分为显性顺应、隐性顺应和不顺应，因此而产生的言语幽默分为成功的言语幽默、准成功的言语幽默和不成功的言语幽默。本文着重分析三类成功的言语幽默,即由合作、最佳关联且通过隐性或显性顺应促成的成功的言语幽默；由欠合作、欠关联且通过隐性或显性顺应促成的成功的言语幽默；由不合作、不关联且通过隐性或显性顺应促成的成功的言语幽默。合作原则，关联理论和顺应论是语用学中三个强大的理论，它们各自分别已经广泛用于分析各种语言现象，但是将此三大理论结合起来对于言语幽默的分析还未曾做过。本文通过C-R-A模式对所选的言语交际例子进行分析，分别探讨了初级模式和扩展模式应用于言语幽默的分析，有助于从不同角度对言语幽默的理解和欣赏，因此，本文在丰富了言语幽默这一领域研究、对于言语幽默的理解提供借鉴意义同时，也扩大了语用学理论的广度。
[Abstract]:Humor is a common social phenomenon, and verbal humor, as a kind of humor, plays a "lubricant" role in daily life, which makes complicated social communication simple and interesting. Therefore, many scholars analyze and study humor from different fields, such as philosophy, psychology, sociology, rhetoric and so on. With the development and expansion of linguistics, more scholars analyze verbal humor from the perspective of linguistics, combine linguistic theory with verbal humor, and analyze verbal humor from the perspectives of semantics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics and pragmatics. As a branch of linguistics, pragmatics has a strong explanatory power in the analysis of verbal humor. Some scholars have analyzed the mechanism and interpretation of verbal humor from the perspective of cooperative principle, relevance theory and adaptation theory. On the basis of drawing lessons from and absorbing the previous research results, this paper intends to adopt a descriptive and qualitative approach to analyze verbal humor in the framework of C-R-A model based on the cooperative principles in pragmatics, relevance theory and adaptation theory. The purpose of this study is to reveal the feasibility of the C-R-A model in pragmatic theory for humorous discourse analysis. The C-R-A model is a theory put forward by Liao Qiaoyun in 2005. It is called "the short of one theory and the short of three theories, and the combination of three as one model". The three perspectives of philosophy, cognition and society are complementary to each other in order to achieve a comprehensive level of interpretation than any single theory "(he Zhaoxiong 2005). In C-R-A mode, cooperation is a prerequisite for communication, relevance is a necessary condition of communication, and adaptation is a regulatory mechanism. C-R-A model includes two models: primary model and extended mode. The primary model is used to analyze the verbal humor in a single utterance communication, and the extended model is used to analyze the verbal humor in multilingual communication. In the extended model, cooperation in the cooperative principle is divided into cooperation, undercooperation and non-cooperation; relevance in relevance theory is divided into optimal relevance, underrelevance and non-relevance; adaptation in adaptation theory is divided into explicit adaptation. Because of implicit adaptation and non-adaptation, the resulting verbal humor is divided into successful verbal humor, quasi-successful verbal humor and unsuccessful verbal humor. This paper focuses on the analysis of three types of successful verbal humor, that is, successful verbal humor with cooperation, optimal relevance and facilitated by implicit or explicit adaptation, uncooperative, uncorrelated, and successful verbal humor facilitated by implicit or explicit adaptation. Verbal humor made by uncooperative, disconnected and facilitated by implicit or explicit adaptation. Cooperative principle relevance theory and adaptation theory are three powerful theories in pragmatics which have been widely used to analyze various linguistic phenomena respectively. However the three theories have not been combined to analyze verbal humor. This paper analyzes the selected examples of verbal communication through the C-R-A model, and discusses the application of the primary model and the extended mode to the analysis of verbal humor, which is helpful to the understanding and appreciation of verbal humor from different angles. This thesis not only enriches the study of verbal humor, but also expands the scope of pragmatic theory.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H030

【参考文献】