比拟辞格的多角度研究

发布时间：2018-08-21 10:20

【摘要】：本文综合前人的研究成果,对比拟的定义、分类、区别性特征作了一个全面的回顾,同时,从词汇、语用、语义的角度来审视比拟辞格;本文的重点更是将比拟置于认知的框架内加以观照,从认知的角度分析了比拟辞格的生成过程,特别是在隐喻视野下,比拟的生成机制、认知主体在比拟生成机制中的作用以及语境对比拟辞格产生的影响。全文主体内容分为五个部分：第一部分回顾了学者们给比拟辞格所下的定义以及所作的分类。从陈望道先生对比拟辞格所下的定义生发开来,简要概括了陈望道先生给比拟辞格正式命名所取得的积极意义,以及众学者对陈望道先生所下定义的讨论；从辞格的内外两个角度介绍学者们的分类标准及分类结果。第二部分介绍了比拟辞格三要素——本体、拟体、拟词的特点以及这三要素之间的关系；在分析比拟辞格区别性特征的基础上探讨了比拟与其他相关辞格——比喻、移就、拈连之间的区别。第三部分从词汇、语用和语义的角度探讨比拟辞格。比拟辞格对词汇具有两方面的作用：一方面,比拟辞格可以成为一种构词方式造出新词；另一方面,一些多义词中,有些义项是由词的比拟用法在长期使用中凝固下来而形成的,也就是词的比拟义,比拟义可以作为多义词派生义的一种。比拟辞格在实际运用中违反了会话合作原则,并且这种违反是说话人故意的,说话人故意不遵守合作原则而让听话人越过话语的表面意义去推导其中的会话含义。从语义角度看,比拟辞格的表层语言形式和深层语义之间发生了偏离,接受者要想理解比拟辞格,就要通过比拟辞格本体和拟体之间的相似性来探寻深层语义。第四部分从认知的角度探讨比拟辞格的生成机制。首先是从认知以及认知语言学的含义中生发开来,用认知学的相关概念证明,比拟辞格是可以置于认知的框架中来研究的。其次,分析在隐喻思维的作用下,比拟辞格的始源域和目标域是如何实现映射从而构成比拟辞格。比拟辞格的两个认知域根据相似性实现映射；而这种相似性又是通过认知主体经过无意加工、经验加工、相似联想和创造性想象以及移情发现、确立和创造的。同时,经过对认知主体的心理机制作用分析,发现比拟辞格和比喻辞格、移就辞格都是同源辞格。最后,分析了语境在比拟辞格两个认知域之间实现映射时的作用,一方面它限制了比拟辞格认知域和相似性的选择；另一方面,语境对比拟辞格的理解也有一定的影响。第五部分总结全文。本文以比拟辞格为研究对象,从词汇、语用、语义、认知等多角度来分析解读。一般研究比拟辞格都只是侧重于研究某一点,缺乏多维的视角,本文从各角度审视,尝试解决比拟辞格中存在争议的一些问题,希望能对比拟辞格更进一步的科学化、系统化有所帮助。
[Abstract]:Based on the previous research results, this paper makes a comprehensive review of the definition, classification and distinguishing characteristics of analogy. At the same time, from the perspective of vocabulary, pragmatics and semantics, it examines the analogy case. The emphasis of this paper is to look at analogy within the framework of cognition, and analyze the generation process of analogy from the perspective of cognition, especially in the perspective of metaphor, the generation mechanism of analogy. The role of cognitive subject in the mechanism of analogy and the influence of context on analogy. The main content of this paper is divided into five parts: the first part reviews the definitions and classification of the analogy figures made by scholars. From the definition given by Mr. Chen Wangdao to the analogy case, this paper briefly summarizes the positive significance obtained by Mr. Chen Wangdao to give the formal name to the analogy ci case, and the discussion on the definition of Mr. Chen Wangdao made by many scholars; This paper introduces the classification criteria and classification results of scholars from the perspectives of both inside and outside. The second part introduces the three elements of analogy, Noumenon, the characteristics of mimic words and the relationship between the three elements, and discusses the analogy and other related figures of speech-metaphor, on the basis of analyzing the distinguishing characteristics of analogy, The difference between the two. The third part discusses the analogy case from lexical, pragmatic and semantic perspectives. On the one hand, analogies can become a form of word formation to produce new words; on the other hand, in some polysemous words, Some meanings are formed by the comparative usage of words in long-term use, that is, the analogy meaning of words, analogy meaning can be used as a polysemous word derived meaning. In the practical application, the anaphora violates the principle of conversational cooperation, and this violation is intentional by the speaker, and the speaker intentionally fails to abide by the principle of cooperation, so that the hearer can deduce the conversational implicature beyond the superficial meaning of the utterance. From the semantic point of view, there is a deviation between the surface language form and the deep semantic of the analogy case. If the receiver wants to understand the analogy case, it is necessary to explore the deep semantics through the similarity between the analogy case ontology and the mimic body. The fourth part discusses the generation mechanism of analogy rhetoric from the perspective of cognition. First of all, it develops from the meaning of cognition and cognitive linguistics. It is proved by the relevant concepts of cognitive science that comparative rhetoric can be studied in the framework of cognition. Secondly, it analyzes how to map the original domain and target domain of comparative lexical case under the function of metaphorical thinking. The two cognitive domains of anaphora are mapped according to similarity, which is established and created by cognitive subject through unintentional processing, experiential processing, similar association and creative imagination, and empathy discovery. At the same time, through the analysis of the psychological mechanism of the cognitive subject, it is found that compared with the figurative case and the metaphorical figure of speech, both of them are homologous. Finally, the paper analyzes the role of context in mapping between two cognitive domains of analogy. On the one hand, it limits the choice of cognitive domain and similarity of analogy. On the other hand, context also has a certain influence on the understanding of analogy. The fifth part summarizes the full text. In this paper, comparative rhetoric is taken as the research object, from lexical, pragmatic, semantic, cognitive and other perspectives to analyze the interpretation. The general study of comparative rhetoric is only focused on a certain point of view, lack of multidimensional perspective, this article from each angle of view, try to solve some of the controversial issues in the analogy of rhetoric, hoping to compare the more scientific figures of speech, Systematization helps.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H15

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