两汉非佛典外来词研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 18:43

【摘要】：外来词是不同语言相互接触的必然产物之一，是跨语言、跨文化的词语代码转换的结果，对外来词系统进行共时断代研究是词汇史研究的重要组成部分。世界上的语言都或多或少地存在外来词，不同语言吸收引进外来词的历史因各自的外界条件及自身语言世界差异而各有特点。纵观汉语词汇史的已有成果，针对外来词系统进行断代研究的相对较少，尤其是面向古代汉语的同类问题，零散性讨论相对多于集中性研究。我们在对汉语外来词历史已有研究的基础上，进一步梳理认识已有研究成果，确立了两汉时期在汉语外来词历史上作为断代进行研究的合理性。我们在广泛阅读两汉时期的历史文本特别是与异域、异族相关的文献及各家注疏的基础上，确立了广义视角下的非佛典外来词1400条为研究封闭域，同时借鉴已有的两汉佛典外来词的研究成果进行综合对比研究。在具体研究过程中，我们主要运用汉语词汇史、现代词汇学、语义学、词典学理论，利用现代语料库的科学手段，以汉文全籍检索系统为统计平台进行量化考察。全文以两汉非佛典外来词本体研究为重点，同时结合相关理论以其为基础的拓展研究，一方面展示出其对汉语词汇系统的影响，另一方面可为专科词典《汉语外来词词典》的修订编纂提供有效参考。对《汉书》、《史记》在外来词视角下的对比研究可展示出汉字的断代异文特点。全文由七章组成。第一章为综述，是论文选题的基础。第二章重点对汉语外来词历史分期研究进行梳理，并确立两汉时期在汉语外来词历史中进行整体研究的合理性，是后文研究深入展开的基础。论文第三、四、五章为本文的主体部分，，在词汇系统内从多角度研究两汉非佛典外来词的本体特征，展现其断代共性及个性。第六章是基于两汉非佛典外来词的拓展研究，是词汇学与词典学研究相结合的体现。第七章为全文的结语。论文各章主要内容如下：第一章为绪论，在相关研究综述中，首先在充分认识汉语外来词研究现状的基础上发现汉语外来词研究的不足，进而提出研究思路，明确两汉外来词研究的可行性及研究意义。同时根据研究内容确定研究方法，对外来词的界定标准、确定方法及研究所用语料等相关问题进行了说明。第二章主要针对汉语词汇史上外来词引进分期的不同看法，论述了两汉时期在外来词引进历史中断代的合理性，同时对两汉外来词引进的动因进行深入研究分析。第三章对两汉非佛典外来词本体进行系统深入研究，主要内容包括词条界选、语源分布考察、词长考察、语义分布、词形分布和词类分布的研究。对所收录的广义非佛典外来词从词汇本体的五个方面，客观进行了分布描写及分析，并在全面量化统计基础上结合已有的佛典译词相关研究进行对比，充分展现两汉外来词的本体内部特征。第四章主要对两汉非佛典外来词中的专名进行进一步研究，从专名界选、专名外来词变体考察和专名外来词的理据进行深入描写研究，重点对专名变体的特点及理据类型进行探讨。第五章对两汉非佛典外来词中的普通词进行研究，从普通词的引进方式、异形变体及汉化途径方面分别进行量化研究及定性分析，并从主体世界、客体世界和语言世界方面解释了异形变体产生的原因。第六章主要是基于两汉非佛典外来词的拓展研究，包括对汉语词汇的影响，两汉外来词视角下的《汉语外来词词典》研究以及《汉书》、《史记》外来词的对比研究。第七章对全文的研究进行总结，指出研究的意义及有待进一步研究的问题。语言接触是悠久而经常的，生成民族化的外来词是跨语言交际的必然结果。在语言接触日益频繁的今天，反观历史上两汉时期的汉语外来词既有利于深化认识汉语词汇系统的断代特点，同时有利于推动汉语词汇史研究的进一步发展。
[Abstract]:Loanwords are one of the inevitable products of mutual contact between different languages, which is the result of translanguage and cross-cultural word code conversion. There are more or less foreign words in the world, and the history of absorbing foreign words in different languages is characterized by their external conditions and their own language world differences. In view of the existing achievements of Chinese vocabulary history, the relatively few researches on foreign word system are relatively few, especially the similar problems facing ancient Chinese, and the scattered discussion is relatively more concentrated. On the basis of the study of the history of foreign words in Chinese, we further comb through the existing research results, and establish the combination of the two Han periods in the history of Chinese foreign words as the break generations. On the basis of extensive reading of the historical texts of the two periods of Han Dynasty, especially the literature related to the Han Dynasty and the heteroethnic group, the non-Buddhist external word 1400 under the broad sense of view was established as the study seal. Close the domain, and draw on the existing research results of the two Han Buddhist classics to carry on the comprehensive comparison In the course of concrete research, we mainly use Chinese vocabulary history, modern lexicology, semantics, lexicography theory, utilize the scientific means of modern corpus, and quantize the statistical platform using the Chinese language full-text retrieval system. On the other hand, it provides an effective method for the revision of Chinese word dictionary. Reference. The comparative study of , in the perspective of foreign words can show the Chinese character's cut-off. Characteristics. Full text It consists of seven chapters. The first chapter is a summary. It's a paper. On the basis of the topic selection, the second chapter focuses on the study of the historical stage of Chinese foreign words, and establishes the rationality of the whole study in the history of Chinese foreign words in the Han Dynasty. The third, fourth and fourth aspects of the thesis are the main part of this paper. In terms of vocabulary system, we study the main features of non-Buddhist external words from different angles, and show their broken generations. The sixth chapter is based on the expansion research of the foreign words of the two Han non-Buddhist texts, which is the research phase of lexicology and lexicography. The manifestation of the combination. Chapter VII is The conclusion of the thesis. The main contents are as follows: Chapter 1 is the introduction. In the review of relevant research, we first find out the shortage of Chinese foreign word research on the basis of fully understanding the present situation of Chinese foreign word research, and then put forward the research thought, and make clear the study of foreign words in Han and Han Dynasties. Feasibility and research significance. At the same time, according to the research content, the research method, the definition standard of foreign words, the method of determination and the language material of the research institute are determined. The second chapter mainly aims at the different views of the introduction of foreign words in the history of Chinese vocabulary, discusses the rationality of the introduction of foreign words in the history of foreign words, and the motivation of the introduction of foreign words in Han Dynasty. In the third chapter, we deeply study the system of the non-Buddhist exonyms of the Han and Han Dynasties, and the main contents include the term selection, the source distribution survey, the long-term study, the semantic distribution, the word-shape distribution. The study of the distribution of the word class is carried out objectively from the five aspects of the vocabulary ontology, and compared with the related research of the existing Buddhist translation words on the basis of the comprehensive quantitative statistics, the two Chinese foreign languages are fully displayed. The fourth chapter is mainly devoted to the further study of the special names in the foreign words of the non-Buddhist texts in Han and Han Dynasties. The fifth chapter carries on the research on the common words in the foreign words of the two Chinese non-Buddhist texts, carries on the quantitative research and qualitative analysis from the introduction way, the special variant and the Han route of the common word, and explains the difference from the main world, the object world and the language world. Chapter six is mainly based on the development of foreign words of the two Chinese non-Buddhist texts, including the influence of Chinese words, the dictionary of Chinese foreign words in the view of foreign words of Han and Han, and the study of , . A comparative study of foreign words. Chapter 7 summarizes the study of the whole text, points out the significance and needs of the study. The problem of further study. Language contact is a long and frequent word, and it is a foreign word that produces nationalization. It is the inevitable result of cross-language communication. In today's more and more frequent contact with language, the Chinese foreign words in the two Han Dynasties in the history of anti-reflection are helpful to deepen the understanding of the characteristics of the Chinese vocabulary system, and also facilitate the promotion of Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H131

【参考文献】