“难为”的语义、篇章及语法化研究

发布时间：2018-10-31 14:54

【摘要】：本文对“难为”的语义特点、句法特点、语法化及语篇功能进行了研究。第一章是绪论。我们交代了研究现状，本文的研究内容、研究意义、研究方法和语料来源。第二章是“难为”的分类及其语义演变。我们认为现代汉语里“难为”有两个词性：一个是动词，一个是副词。根据语义和句法标准，我们将“难为”划分为5个，分别是难为1、难为2、难为3、难为4、难为5，其中难为1、2、4是动词，难为3和难为5是副词。从难为1到难为5，促使“难为”发生这样一种语义演变的根本原因是交互主观化。第三章是“难为”的语法化过程及其动因机制。“难为”的语法化从元代开始到民国结束。元代时产生了动词“难为”，明代时动词难为开始虚化为副词，清代和民国时动词“难为”和副词“难为”进一步发展和完善，产生了表示客套话的意思和传达反讽的意味。究其语法化的机制，概念整合是深层机制，由概念整合导致“难为”发生句法上的变化，从后接体词性结构到后接小句。而使用频率的提高、双音化趋势的影响、重新分析和类推作用等都只是表层原因。第四章是副词“难为”的语篇功能。副词“难为”的篇章连接功能类型是表理解性的推论，它在句中一般出现在句首，，并且还会和句中其他副词或连词做呼应配合。它连接句子的述位和主位，使得语篇更加连贯。第五章是对全文的一个总结，并且也会提出本文存在的缺陷和不足。
[Abstract]:This paper studies the semantic features, syntactic features, grammaticalization and textual functions of "difficult to do". The first chapter is the introduction. We explain the research status, research content, research significance, research methods and data sources. The second chapter is the classification and semantic evolution of "hard to do". We think that there are two parts of speech in modern Chinese: one is a verb, the other is an adverb. According to the semantic and syntactic standards, we divide "difficult for" into five: difficult 1, difficult 2, difficult 3, difficult 4, difficult 5, in which hard 1 is a verb, 3 is a difficult 3 and 5 is an adverb. The basic reason for the semantic evolution of "difficult" from 1 to 5 is the interaction subjectivization. The third chapter is the grammaticalization process and its motivation mechanism. The grammaticalization of "hard to do" began from Yuan Dynasty to the end of the Republic of China. In the Yuan Dynasty, the verb "hard to do" was produced, the verb in the Ming Dynasty began to be empty into an adverb, the verbs of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China "difficult for" and the adverb "difficult for" were further developed and perfected, resulting in the meaning of the polite words and the meaning of conveying irony. The mechanism of grammaticalization is that conceptual integration is a deep mechanism, which leads to the syntactic change of "hard to do", from the part of speech structure to the clause. The increase of use frequency, the influence of the trend of dichotomy, reanalysis and analogies are all the surface factors. Chapter four is the textual function of the adverb "difficult to do". The functional type of textual connection of adverb "difficult to do" is a corollary of comprehension. It usually appears at the beginning of a sentence, and it also matches with other adverbs or conjunctions in a sentence. It connects the rheme and the theme of a sentence to make the text more coherent. The fifth chapter is a summary of the full text, and will also put forward the defects and shortcomings of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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