现代汉语反事实假设句研究
发布时间：2018-11-21 13:18
【摘要】：汉语是缺乏形态变化的语言，不像印欧语有明确的表示反事实的系统标记，有些外国学者甚至以此来推断中国人不善于在抽象领域进行思维，这样的认知当然是偏颇的。其实，汉语也有表达反事实思维的方式，，只不过没有成系统的语法标记。本文就着眼于研究汉语的反事实假设句，希望可以一窥其究竟。本文共分为六章： 第一章以一些外国学者偏颇地认为中国人没有反事实思维开始，介绍了汉语中其实是存在反事实假设句的，只是汉语缺乏形态，不像西方语言有明显的成系统的标记形式。假设句具有复杂性，历来学者对其的讨论都没有完全的定论，反事实假设句作为假设句的一部分，对它的专门讨论还显薄弱，希望通过本文的探讨来弥补这一缺憾。 第二章介绍了汉语中的有标记反事实假设句，比如“如果不是”、“若不是”、“要不是”以及现在已不常用的“若非”都是汉语中表达反事实的标记，其中，经过语料库的统计，“要不是”为其中最典型的反事实标记，且具有凝固性。本章从“要不是”反事实假设句的性质、句式构成、语义、语用方面来详细介绍这个标记。除此之外，时间词、“如果就好了”句式也可以作为反事实标记。当然，一些学者还认为“早”、“了”等也可作为反事实标记，但其又会有诸多的限制条件，因此，没有达成共识。 第三章介绍了在反事实标记之外，“如果”类假设句中有很大一部分可作反事实解读。只是它们还可引导可能假设，不是反事实标记，于是我们从内容上来分类这部分句子的语义类型。分为前件明显假、后件得到反事实解读和后件明显假、前件得到反事实解读两大种。 对于没有反事实标记的假设句的反事实解读主要靠语义推导来实现。其实，这个过程就是当我们脑中输入新信息后，其与脑海中已经存在的常识经验的相互凸显。 第四章介绍了假设的程度，以便我们在整个假设句中更清楚的认识反事实假设句。并引入了传信值的概念，用量化的方式来看反事实假设句。 第五章主要对比非标记的反事实假设句和普通否定句在表达否定时的不同之处。如果非标记的反事实假设句与普通否定句表达相同的意思，又完全没有不同，它就成了羡余的存在，所以，我们从语用方面和对语境的依赖程度方面来看反事实假设句的特殊之处。第六章总结全文，指出本文研究的不足。
[Abstract]:Chinese is a language that lacks morphological changes, unlike Indo-European, which has a clear system of anti-fact markers, and some foreign scholars even use it to infer that Chinese are not good at thinking in abstract fields, which is of course biased. In fact, there are ways to express counter-factual thinking in Chinese, but there are no systematic grammatical markers. This paper focuses on the counterfactual hypothetical sentence in Chinese, hoping to get a glimpse of it. This paper is divided into six chapters: the first chapter begins with some foreign scholars' biased view that Chinese people do not have counterfactual thinking, and introduces the fact that there are counterfactual hypothetical sentences in Chinese, but the lack of form in Chinese. Unlike Western languages, there is an obvious systematic form of marking. As a part of hypothetical sentence, the special discussion of hypothetical sentence is still weak. It is hoped to make up for this shortcoming through the discussion in this paper. The second chapter introduces the marked counterfactual hypothetical sentences in Chinese, such as "if not", "if not" and "if not" which are not commonly used in Chinese. By corpus-based statistics, "if not" is the most typical counterfactual marker, and has solidification. This chapter introduces this marker in detail from the nature, construction, semantic and pragmatic aspects of "if not" counterfactual hypothetical sentences. In addition, the temporal word "if it is good" can also be used as a counter-factual marker. Of course, some scholars also think that "early" and "already" can also be used as counterfactual markers, but there are many restrictions, so there is no consensus. The third chapter introduces that there is a large part of the supposition sentence of "if" which can be interpreted as counterfactual in addition to the counterfactual marker. But they can also lead to the possible assumption that it is not a counterfactual marker, so we classify the semantic types of this part of the sentence in terms of content. It can be divided into two categories: the former part is obviously false, the latter part is interpreted by counterfactual interpretation and the latter part is obviously false, and the former part is interpreted by counterfactual interpretation. The interpretation of hypothetical sentences without counterfactual markers is mainly realized by semantic derivation. In fact, this process is when we enter new information, it and the common sense experience that already exists in the mind. Chapter four introduces the degree of hypotheses so that we can understand counterfactual hypotheses more clearly in the whole hypothetical sentence. This paper introduces the concept of transmitting information value and looks at counterfactual hypothetical sentences in a quantitative way. The fifth chapter mainly compares the differences between non-marked counterfactual hypothetical sentences and ordinary negative sentences in expressing negation. If an unmarked counterfactual hypothetical sentence expresses the same meaning as an ordinary negative sentence and is no different at all, it becomes an enviable existence, so, We look at the peculiarities of counterfactual hypothetical sentences in terms of pragmatics and contextual dependence. Chapter six summarizes the full text and points out the deficiency of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146
本文编号：2347067
[Abstract]:Chinese is a language that lacks morphological changes, unlike Indo-European, which has a clear system of anti-fact markers, and some foreign scholars even use it to infer that Chinese are not good at thinking in abstract fields, which is of course biased. In fact, there are ways to express counter-factual thinking in Chinese, but there are no systematic grammatical markers. This paper focuses on the counterfactual hypothetical sentence in Chinese, hoping to get a glimpse of it. This paper is divided into six chapters: the first chapter begins with some foreign scholars' biased view that Chinese people do not have counterfactual thinking, and introduces the fact that there are counterfactual hypothetical sentences in Chinese, but the lack of form in Chinese. Unlike Western languages, there is an obvious systematic form of marking. As a part of hypothetical sentence, the special discussion of hypothetical sentence is still weak. It is hoped to make up for this shortcoming through the discussion in this paper. The second chapter introduces the marked counterfactual hypothetical sentences in Chinese, such as "if not", "if not" and "if not" which are not commonly used in Chinese. By corpus-based statistics, "if not" is the most typical counterfactual marker, and has solidification. This chapter introduces this marker in detail from the nature, construction, semantic and pragmatic aspects of "if not" counterfactual hypothetical sentences. In addition, the temporal word "if it is good" can also be used as a counter-factual marker. Of course, some scholars also think that "early" and "already" can also be used as counterfactual markers, but there are many restrictions, so there is no consensus. The third chapter introduces that there is a large part of the supposition sentence of "if" which can be interpreted as counterfactual in addition to the counterfactual marker. But they can also lead to the possible assumption that it is not a counterfactual marker, so we classify the semantic types of this part of the sentence in terms of content. It can be divided into two categories: the former part is obviously false, the latter part is interpreted by counterfactual interpretation and the latter part is obviously false, and the former part is interpreted by counterfactual interpretation. The interpretation of hypothetical sentences without counterfactual markers is mainly realized by semantic derivation. In fact, this process is when we enter new information, it and the common sense experience that already exists in the mind. Chapter four introduces the degree of hypotheses so that we can understand counterfactual hypotheses more clearly in the whole hypothetical sentence. This paper introduces the concept of transmitting information value and looks at counterfactual hypothetical sentences in a quantitative way. The fifth chapter mainly compares the differences between non-marked counterfactual hypothetical sentences and ordinary negative sentences in expressing negation. If an unmarked counterfactual hypothetical sentence expresses the same meaning as an ordinary negative sentence and is no different at all, it becomes an enviable existence, so, We look at the peculiarities of counterfactual hypothetical sentences in terms of pragmatics and contextual dependence. Chapter six summarizes the full text and points out the deficiency of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146
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1 黄华新 ,胡霞;认知语境的建构性探讨[J];现代外语;2004年03期
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