语言及其表达：梅洛—庞蒂中期思想中的语言观探究

发布时间：2018-11-26 19:36

【摘要】：梅洛-庞蒂曾借助知觉现象学引入处于“前客观世界”中的“知觉身体”作一种消解笛卡尔传统所产生的认识论鸿沟的努力。然而“身体”所处的“知觉世界”与以“语言”为主要载体的“文化世界”的连结如何可能——知觉如何与存在相联系和转换——却成为此时遗留下来的问题。我们认为,此后梅洛-庞蒂对语言的考察——尤其是对语言及语言的表达的思考——很好地为解决上述难题提供思路：梅洛-庞蒂通过创造性地综合索绪尔语言学以及胡塞尔现象学,将广义语言区分为狭义的“客观化语言’’和“现象语言”(言语)。他展开了从语言现象出发,由客观化语言转向言语,进而回溯“沉默的声音”——知觉经验——的一条语言现象学的探索之路。我们进一步认为,梅氏的探索游离于现象学与结构主义之间,形成了他本人对语言现象的深刻而独特的领会。这种领会体现出梅氏在语言向度对知觉与存在之关系的探讨,并为解决近代哲学主客二分以及胡塞尔现象学所遗留的他人问题等困难提供新的思路。据此,本文立足于“语言及其表达”对梅洛-庞蒂中期思想中的语言观进行研究。我们的研究重点是透过“语言”与“语言的表达”、“语言在表达”等视角全面系统地梳理梅洛-庞蒂这一阶段对语言的思考。而本文研究的难点在于通过梳理梅洛-庞蒂中期语言观找出其相较于梅氏其他时期语言思想的特殊性,并在梅氏整个思想体系中赋予其合理定位；同时,本文也将探讨这种语言思想如何为解决相关哲学问题提供思路。本文以相应章节分别集中研究以下几个问题：梅洛-庞蒂从接纳结构语言学转向对结构语言的批判并确立语言的现象学研究方法；对语言的根本特性的探讨,包括语言与历史和真理的关系；以及针对语言与“意义的生成’’及其与“构建世界整体性”关系的探讨等。
[Abstract]:Melo Ponty used the phenomenology of perception to introduce the perceptual body in the "pre-objective world" as an effort to eliminate the epistemological gap created by Descartes tradition. However, how the connection between the "perceptual world" and the "cultural world" in which "language" is the main carrier is possible-how perception is connected and transformed with being-has become a question left over at this time. We believe that, After that, Melo Ponty's study of language, especially its reflection on language and its expression, provided a good way to solve the above problems: Melo Ponty creatively integrated Saussure linguistics and Husserl phenomenology. The broad language is divided into "objectified language" and "phenomenal language" in a narrow sense. He started from the linguistic phenomenon, turned from the objective language to the speech, and then traced back to the "silent voice"-perceptual experience-a way to explore the phenomenology of language. We further believe that Mei's exploration is free from phenomenology and structuralism, forming his own profound and unique understanding of linguistic phenomena. This understanding reflects Mei's approach to the relationship between perception and existence in the linguistic dimension and provides a new way of thinking for solving the difficulties of subject-object dichotomy in modern philosophy and other problems left over by Husserl's phenomenology. Based on this, this paper makes a study of Melo-Ponty's view of language in his mid-term thought. Our research focuses on the comprehensive and systematic analysis of Melo Ponty's thinking on language from the perspectives of "language" and "language expression" and "language in expression". The difficulty of this study is to find out the particularity of Melo-Ponty 's language view in the middle period, and to give it a reasonable position in the whole thought system. At the same time, this paper will also explore how this language thought provides ideas for solving relevant philosophical problems. This paper focuses on the following issues in the corresponding chapters: Melo-Ponty turns from accepting structural linguistics to criticizing structural language and establishing phenomenological research methods of language; This paper probes into the fundamental characteristics of language, including the relationship between language and history and truth, and the relationship between language and the generation of meaning and its relationship with "building the whole world".
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H0-05

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