“风”、“雨”隐喻用法英汉语对比研究
发布时间：2018-12-12 04:45
【摘要】：隐喻在传统上被视为一种修辞手法，仅仅是一种语言现象。然而，认知语言学的最新研究表明，隐喻不仅具有语体的性质，而且具有重要的认知意义。乔治·莱考夫在其《我们赖以生存的隐喻》一书中认为，隐喻存在于我们的日常生活的方方面面，这不只体现在语言方面，而且体现在思维和行动中。根据概念隐喻理论，我们语言中的概念隐喻植根于我们的亲身经验。隐喻的含义和隐喻的理解是通过对两个领域的映射而实现的：源域和目标域,源域一般比目标域更具体。 天气是一种与人们日常生活密切相关的重要的自然现象，它经常通过隐喻的方式，用来描绘人们面对的抽象处境或解释人类概念。在以往的研究中，关于天气的隐喻主要重视的是情感方面。本文拟通过以概念隐喻理论为基础，对英汉两种语言中“风”和“雨”隐喻用法进行比较研究。“风”和“雨”隐喻表达的目标领域几乎涵盖了人类日常生活的每一个方面。本文主要是定性研究，通过对来自词典和线上语料库的数据进行分析，描述了英汉语言中“风”与“雨”隐喻用法的异同。在英语和汉语中，风的三个不同阶段，即风的出现、持续和消失阶段，都映射到了目标领域。类似地，来源领域中现实生活的雨前、雨中、雨后三种不同的情况，被用于讨论与天气状况无关的目标概念。以成语形式出现的“风”和“雨”的大多数隐喻用途都与风雨的影响力有关，包括其驱动力和破坏力。英语和汉语都存在概念隐喻：条件是天气。但该隐喻的表层实现形式在不同的语言中可能存在差异。本文中大多数隐喻，都是基于情境或意象的隐喻。而两种语言中大部分单个词语形式的关于风雨的隐喻表达都是本体隐喻，“呼吸是风”、“肠胃中的气体是风”以及“自负是风”是英语中独特的本体隐喻，而“风格/美德是风”、“爱是风”以及“疾病是风”都是汉语特有的隐喻。汉语中这些独特的本体隐喻的表层实现形式在英语中找不到对应，反之亦然。 英汉语言中“风”、“雨”这两个天气词语的隐喻用法的相似性，，可以通过中英两国人民对“风”、“雨”的身体经验的相似性来解释；而英汉语中存在的“风”、“雨”隐喻用法的差异主要是由不同的社会文化经验造成的，包括以下因素：物理环境（地理位置和气候）、社会语境（社会权力关系）、文化语境（哲学思想和中医）和有差异的记忆（神话故事及历史事件）。
[Abstract]:Metaphor is traditionally regarded as a rhetorical device, only a linguistic phenomenon. However, the latest research in cognitive linguistics shows that metaphor is not only stylistic, but also has important cognitive significance. George Lakoff, in his book metaphor for our existence, argues that metaphor exists in every aspect of our daily life, not only in language, but also in thought and action. According to conceptual metaphor theory, conceptual metaphor in our language is rooted in our own experience. The meaning of metaphor and the understanding of metaphor are realized through the mapping of two domains: source domain and target domain, and the source domain is generally more specific than the target domain. Weather is an important natural phenomenon closely related to people's daily life. It is often used to describe the abstract situation people face or to explain the human concept by means of metaphor. In previous studies, metaphor for weather has focused on the emotional aspect. Based on the theory of conceptual metaphor, this paper makes a comparative study of the metaphorical usage of "wind" and "rain" in English and Chinese. The target areas of metaphorical expressions of "wind" and "rain" cover almost every aspect of human daily life. By analyzing the data from dictionaries and online corpus, this paper describes the similarities and differences between the metaphorical usage of "wind" and "rain" in English and Chinese. In English and Chinese, three different stages of wind, namely, the emergence, persistence and disappearance of wind, map to the target area. Similarly three different situations in real life before rain and after rain in the source domain are used to discuss objective concepts unrelated to weather conditions. Most of the metaphorical uses of "wind" and "rain" in the form of idioms are related to the influence of wind and rain, including their driving force and destructive power. Conceptual metaphors exist in both English and Chinese: the condition is the weather. However, the surface implementation of the metaphor may vary from language to language. Most of the metaphors in this paper are situational or image-based metaphors. The metaphorical expressions of wind and rain in most of the single words in both languages are ontological metaphors, "breath is the wind", "the gas in the stomach is the wind" and "conceit is the wind" are the unique ontological metaphors in English. "style / virtue is wind", "love is wind" and "disease is wind" are Chinese unique metaphors. The surface realization of these unique ontological metaphors in Chinese cannot be found in English, and vice versa. The similarity of the metaphorical usage of "wind" and "rain" in English and Chinese can be explained by the similarity of the physical experience of the Chinese and British people to "wind" and "rain"; The differences in the metaphorical usage of "wind" and "rain" in English and Chinese are mainly caused by different social and cultural experiences, including the following factors: physical environment (geographical location and climate), social context (social power relationship), Cultural context (philosophical thinking and Chinese medicine) and differential memory (mythological stories and historical events).
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H15;H315
本文编号：2373935
[Abstract]:Metaphor is traditionally regarded as a rhetorical device, only a linguistic phenomenon. However, the latest research in cognitive linguistics shows that metaphor is not only stylistic, but also has important cognitive significance. George Lakoff, in his book metaphor for our existence, argues that metaphor exists in every aspect of our daily life, not only in language, but also in thought and action. According to conceptual metaphor theory, conceptual metaphor in our language is rooted in our own experience. The meaning of metaphor and the understanding of metaphor are realized through the mapping of two domains: source domain and target domain, and the source domain is generally more specific than the target domain. Weather is an important natural phenomenon closely related to people's daily life. It is often used to describe the abstract situation people face or to explain the human concept by means of metaphor. In previous studies, metaphor for weather has focused on the emotional aspect. Based on the theory of conceptual metaphor, this paper makes a comparative study of the metaphorical usage of "wind" and "rain" in English and Chinese. The target areas of metaphorical expressions of "wind" and "rain" cover almost every aspect of human daily life. By analyzing the data from dictionaries and online corpus, this paper describes the similarities and differences between the metaphorical usage of "wind" and "rain" in English and Chinese. In English and Chinese, three different stages of wind, namely, the emergence, persistence and disappearance of wind, map to the target area. Similarly three different situations in real life before rain and after rain in the source domain are used to discuss objective concepts unrelated to weather conditions. Most of the metaphorical uses of "wind" and "rain" in the form of idioms are related to the influence of wind and rain, including their driving force and destructive power. Conceptual metaphors exist in both English and Chinese: the condition is the weather. However, the surface implementation of the metaphor may vary from language to language. Most of the metaphors in this paper are situational or image-based metaphors. The metaphorical expressions of wind and rain in most of the single words in both languages are ontological metaphors, "breath is the wind", "the gas in the stomach is the wind" and "conceit is the wind" are the unique ontological metaphors in English. "style / virtue is wind", "love is wind" and "disease is wind" are Chinese unique metaphors. The surface realization of these unique ontological metaphors in Chinese cannot be found in English, and vice versa. The similarity of the metaphorical usage of "wind" and "rain" in English and Chinese can be explained by the similarity of the physical experience of the Chinese and British people to "wind" and "rain"; The differences in the metaphorical usage of "wind" and "rain" in English and Chinese are mainly caused by different social and cultural experiences, including the following factors: physical environment (geographical location and climate), social context (social power relationship), Cultural context (philosophical thinking and Chinese medicine) and differential memory (mythological stories and historical events).
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H15;H315
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