越南留学生学习汉语对称性四字格成语的几个问题

发布时间：2019-01-09 14:08

【摘要】：成语是一种具有书面语色彩、结构形式固定、意义完整的固定词组。汉语成语是汉语词汇宝库中的精华，它有着丰富的文化内涵。外国人学习汉语，其中成语还是最难的方面，越南学生也不例外。为了帮助学好汉语，，特别是学好汉语成语，本论文对汉语对称性四字格成语进行考察研究。按照本论文的研究目的，笔者借用《万用成语词典》龴增补版㖞四川辞书出版社为考察对象，从中找出共524条对称性四字格成语作为研究对象。经过分析和统计，把这种类型成语分为八种结构和六种意义。凡是前后两部分字数相等，语法结构相同，意义相反、相同或相似属于对称性成语。总体来看，对称性成语的语法结构一般是联合式，即前后两部分是并列结构。对于越南学习者来说，掌握对称性四字格成语的语法结构和意义不但能提高阅读能力、表达能力，而且对于把汉语成语译成越语的能力有很大的益处，另外有助于避免成语结构掌握不全、依赖字面、不了解成语的文化内涵等常见错误，同时本文还提出学习汉语成语的几个方法。总的来说，对称性四字格成语是汉语中非常重要的组成部分。掌握这种类型成语对学习汉语会带来很大的帮助。
[Abstract]:Idioms are fixed phrases with written color, fixed structure and complete meaning. Chinese idioms are the essence of Chinese vocabulary and have rich cultural connotations. Foreigners learn Chinese, among which idioms are still the most difficult aspect, Vietnamese students are no exception. In order to help learn Chinese, especially Chinese idioms, this paper investigates Chinese symmetric four-character idioms. According to the purpose of this thesis, the author borrows the Dictionary of Universal idioms? Supplement? Sichuan Dictionary Publishing House finds out a total of 524 symmetric four-character idioms as the object of study. Through analysis and statistics, this type of idioms can be divided into eight structures and six meanings. When the number of words before and after the two parts is equal, the grammatical structure is the same, the meaning is opposite, the same or similar belongs to the symmetric idiom. In general, the grammatical structure of symmetric idioms is syntactic, that is to say, the two parts are juxtaposed. For Vietnamese learners, mastering the grammatical structure and meaning of symmetric four-character idioms can not only improve their reading ability and expressive ability, but also be of great benefit to the ability of translating Chinese idioms into Vietnamese. In addition, it can help to avoid common mistakes, such as inadequate mastery of idiom structure, reliance on the literal, and lack of understanding of the cultural connotation of idioms. At the same time, several methods for learning Chinese idioms are also proposed in this paper. In general, symmetric four-character idioms are an important part of Chinese. Mastering this type of idiom will be of great help to learning Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.3

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