“这么”、“那么”的指示用法研究

发布时间：2019-01-10 06:54

【摘要】：本文以现代汉语中常被看作指示代词的“这么”、“那么”为研究对象,探讨它们在指示用法方面的问题。由于“这么”和“那么”包括形素“这”、“那”,因此以往有关“这么”和“那么”的研究大多被包含在“这”、“那”的研究中,也往往忽视了“这么”和“那么”在指示用法上的特殊性。单独以“这么”、“那么”为研究对象的学术成果有限,以它们之间区别为主要研究对象的成果更是少之又少。为此,本文立足于语料的搜集、调查与分析,专门探讨指示代词“这么”、“那么”在指示用法方面的问题。文章的写作思路是先描写、再调查、后解释。首先,本文在前人研究的基础上,归纳并进一步描写“这么”、“那么”的语法特点。“这么”、“那么”的主要语法特点是作修饰语,指示性状属性。但这种性状属性常常较宽泛也难以具体表述。其次,基于对1400条语料的考察,我们得出“这么”、“那么”在使用中,多数情况下“可替换”而只在少数情况下才“难替换”的现象。同时,本文通过对其中160条例句进行调查也证明了上述看法的真实性。但“这么”和“那么”在多数情况下“可替换”,并不意味着它们之间就无差别。所以,接下来本文讨论了“这么”和“那么”在语义上近、远指区别的具体表现。并将这些区别概括为空间距离的远近、时间距离的远近、心理距离的远近、语篇指示的远近、人称指示的远近和唯一及非唯一的区别等等。最后,我们讨论了在语义上具有近远差异的“这么”和“那么”,之所以在多数情况下“可替换”,是因为在使用中受到了复杂语用因素的制约,使得它们之间的近远区别变得不重要,进而也就可以互相替换。当“这么”和“那么”同时受到空间、时间和心理距离等不同因素制约并且制约因素作用的方向相反时,句中用“这么”还是“那么”就取决于说话者的选择,说话者的选择策略不同,“这么”和“那么”的取舍就不同。同时,若没有相关语境提供明确的涉及远近的参照点,话语中也没有明确的涉及远近的词语时,也会出现“这么”和“那么”在同一句子中可以互相替换的现象。当然,客观的远近界限分不清,也会使得“这么”和“那么”之间的近远区别变得不重要,它们之间也就可以替换。此外,空间、时间、心理距离和语篇、人称指示对“这么”和“那么”的制约只是基本层次的制约而说话者的选择策略和远近不明或界限不清对“这么”、“那么”的制约才是高一层次的制约,是起决定作用的。
[Abstract]:In this paper, we take the "so" and "then", which are often regarded as demonstrative pronouns in modern Chinese, as the research objects, and discuss their problems in the use of deixis. Because "so" and "so" include "this", "that", so previous studies on "so" and "so" are mostly included in "this," that, " It also ignores the particularity of "so" and "so" in the usage of indication. Only "so", "so" as the object of study is limited, and the difference between them as the main research object is even less. Therefore, based on the collection, investigation and analysis of the corpus, this paper probes into the problems of the demonstrative pronoun "so" and "so" in the use of deixis. The idea of writing the article is to describe first, then investigate, then explain. First of all, on the basis of previous studies, this paper summarizes and further describes the grammatical characteristics of "so" and "so". The main grammatical feature of "so" and "so" is that they are modifiers and indicate attribute. But this trait attribute is often broader and difficult to specify. Secondly, based on the investigation of 1400 corpus, we get the phenomenon of "so" and "then" in use, in most cases "replaceable" and only in a few cases "difficult to replace". At the same time, this article also proves the truth of the above view through the investigation of 160 clauses. But "so" and "then" in most cases are "replaceable", which does not mean that there is no difference between them. So, this paper discusses the concrete expression of the semantic proximity and the difference between so and so. These differences can be summarized as the distance of space, the distance of time, the distance of psychology, the distance of text deixis, the distance of person deixis and the difference between unique and non-unique and so on. Finally, we discuss that "so" and "so", which have near differences in semantics, are "replaceable" in most cases because they are restricted by complex pragmatic factors in their use. Make the near-distance distinction between them unimportant, and then replace each other. When "so" and "so" are simultaneously restricted by different factors, such as space, time, and psychological distance, and in the opposite direction, the use of "so" or "then" in a sentence depends on the speaker's choice. The choice strategy of the speaker is different, the choice between so and then is different. At the same time, "so" and "then" can be replaced by each other in the same sentence if there is no relevant context to provide a clear reference point involving distance and proximity, and there is no explicit reference point in the discourse involving words far and near. Of course, an impersonal distinction between distance and distance makes the near-distance distinction between "so" and "then" unimportant and can be replaced. In addition, space, time, psychological distance and discourse, the constraints of person deixis on "so" and "so" are only basic levels of constraints, while the choice strategy of the speaker is unclear or the boundaries of the speaker are not clear. The restriction of "so" is a high-level restriction, which plays a decisive role.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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