关于尼日利亚民族国家建构中语言现状与语言政策的研究
发布时间：2019-03-18 10:26
【摘要】：非洲大陆是一片特别的大陆，这是由于在这块陆地上的很多国家都有着一段不同寻常的发展之路。这片大陆曾被西方殖民者统治了数百年时间，直到上个世纪才得以解放。二战以后，随着西方统治体系的纷纷瓦解，包括尼日利亚在内的众多的非洲国家纷纷独立，并开始了漫长的民族国家建设进程。 然而，非洲国家的民族国家建设更为艰难。这是由于战后建立起来的这些非洲国家基本上都是在西方殖民者任意肢解与分割而成的殖民地框架内建立的。国家内的各族群之间没有共同的归属感和身份认同感。也就是说，这些国家的产生先于民族的形成。因此，如何建立起同一的归属感和国家层面的共同体，以促进民族国家的建设，是包括尼日利亚在内的很多非洲国家所面临的难题。同时，语言在这种建设过程中所发挥的作用是无可替代的。而尼日利亚，作为一个民族众多的多语国家，语言问题显得尤为敏感和棘手。 尼日利亚只比美国德克萨斯州的三分之一大一点，却拥有超过250个民族的1.6亿多人口。而本土语言总数超过了500种。此外，由于历史和地理原因，英语、皮钦英语、法语、阿拉伯语在尼日利亚也很流行。面对如此复杂的语言状况，要制定出让尼日利亚民众满意的语言政策市一项艰巨的任务。 本文的研究置于尼日利亚的语言现状和语言政策上。讨论的内容主要集中在：尼日利亚的语言现状是什么？现在尼日利亚的语言政策有哪些？人们对于这样的语言政策持什么态度？有没有可以解决尼日利亚国语问题的语言方案？ 经过细致的讨论之后，本文发现：第一，尼日利亚的语言现状非常复杂；第二，尼日利亚现有的语言政策并不完全适合这个国家，并且这样的语言政策受到了那些操少数名族语言的民众的反对；第三，没有一种方案能够完美地解决尼日利亚国语问题，其目标和最终的结果取决于执政当局追求的是什么政策，，同时也取决于其余那些影响民众语言选择的条件。
[Abstract]:The African continent is a special continent because many countries on this land have an unusual path of development. The continent was ruled by Western colonists for hundreds of years and was not liberated until the last century. After World War II, many African countries, including Nigeria, became independent and began a long process of nation-state construction with the collapse of the western ruling system. However, the nation-state construction of African countries is more difficult. This was due to the fact that the African countries established after the war were basically built within the colonial framework of arbitrary dismemberment and division by the Western colonists. There is no common sense of belonging and identity among ethnic groups within the country. In other words, the emergence of these countries predates the formation of the nation. Therefore, it is a difficult problem for many African countries, including Nigeria, to establish a community with the same sense of belonging and national level in order to promote the construction of nation-state. At the same time, language plays an irreplaceable role in this construction process. Nigeria, as a multilingual country with a large number of ethnic groups, is particularly sensitive and intractable in terms of language issues. Nigeria is just 1/3 more than Texas and has more than 160 million people of more than 250 nationalities. The total number of native languages exceeds 500. In addition, due to historical and geographical reasons, English, Picin English, French, Arabic are also very popular in Nigeria. Faced with such a complex language situation, the formulation of a language policy city to satisfy Nigerians is a difficult task. This paper focuses on Nigeria's current language situation and language policy. The main focus of the discussion is: what is the current state of language in Nigeria? What are Nigeria's language policies now? What is people's attitude towards such a language policy? Is there a language solution to the Nigerian national language problem? After careful discussion, this paper finds: firstly, the current situation of language in Nigeria is very complex; Second, Nigeria's current language policy is not entirely suitable for the country, and such a policy has been opposed by people who speak minority languages; Third, there is no perfect solution to the Nigerian national language problem. Its objectives and final outcome depend on what policy the governing authorities pursue and on the rest of the conditions that affect the people's language choices.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H002
本文编号：2442773
[Abstract]:The African continent is a special continent because many countries on this land have an unusual path of development. The continent was ruled by Western colonists for hundreds of years and was not liberated until the last century. After World War II, many African countries, including Nigeria, became independent and began a long process of nation-state construction with the collapse of the western ruling system. However, the nation-state construction of African countries is more difficult. This was due to the fact that the African countries established after the war were basically built within the colonial framework of arbitrary dismemberment and division by the Western colonists. There is no common sense of belonging and identity among ethnic groups within the country. In other words, the emergence of these countries predates the formation of the nation. Therefore, it is a difficult problem for many African countries, including Nigeria, to establish a community with the same sense of belonging and national level in order to promote the construction of nation-state. At the same time, language plays an irreplaceable role in this construction process. Nigeria, as a multilingual country with a large number of ethnic groups, is particularly sensitive and intractable in terms of language issues. Nigeria is just 1/3 more than Texas and has more than 160 million people of more than 250 nationalities. The total number of native languages exceeds 500. In addition, due to historical and geographical reasons, English, Picin English, French, Arabic are also very popular in Nigeria. Faced with such a complex language situation, the formulation of a language policy city to satisfy Nigerians is a difficult task. This paper focuses on Nigeria's current language situation and language policy. The main focus of the discussion is: what is the current state of language in Nigeria? What are Nigeria's language policies now? What is people's attitude towards such a language policy? Is there a language solution to the Nigerian national language problem? After careful discussion, this paper finds: firstly, the current situation of language in Nigeria is very complex; Second, Nigeria's current language policy is not entirely suitable for the country, and such a policy has been opposed by people who speak minority languages; Third, there is no perfect solution to the Nigerian national language problem. Its objectives and final outcome depend on what policy the governing authorities pursue and on the rest of the conditions that affect the people's language choices.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H002
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