奉承语生成理解机制的语用认知研究
发布时间:2019-03-24 12:31
【摘要】:奉承语是人类社会日常生活中常见但又特殊的语言行为。奉承语有其自身的特殊目的和影响。奉承他人,说话者可以拉近和听话人的距离,甚至进一步实现自身利益。相比恭维语,尽管奉承语广泛存在但并没有引起学者们的众多关注。再加上奉承语多不真诚,造成不少人对其抱有负面态度。语言学家并没有充分注意其生成和理解的重要性。因此,语言学有必要对奉承语的生成和解读进行系统性研究。 尽管这方面的系统性研究不多,但部分国外学者还是从修辞学,心理学,社会语言学,和语用学等方面对奉承语进行了研究。美国社会心理学家爱德华·埃尔斯沃思·琼斯,在其《社会心理学调查》中从心理学方面对奉承作了一系列研究。琼斯提出了奉承的三种手段:逢迎、观念一致、自我表现,并将人们对于奉承的反应从信任、喜欢到不相信和厌恶进行了细分。国内语用学研究中,不乏对恭维语的语用学研究,其中对奉承语略有提及,主要对奉承言语行为中的语言实现手段进行了词汇和句法两方面的探讨。针对琼斯等总结的不同反应和奉承语的各种手段,本文试图揭示隐藏在其本后的奉承语生成理解机制,即进行认知语用研究。 本文探讨奉承语的生成理解机制,主要研究问题有:奉承语的判断标准是什么?说话人针对欲达成的自我利益怎样最终生成某一奉承语即奉承语的产生机制是什么?被奉承者如何解读该奉承语并最终实现奉承者的“特殊目的”即奉承语的解读机制什么?为什么奉承语会成功或失败,有哪些情形? 以SperberWilson的关联理论和Lakoff的理想认知模型理论为基础。采用了定性研究的分析方法,本文先对上述两种理论各自进行了深入的分析,尤其分析了两种理论各自在奉承语理解上的优缺点。关联理论成功地解释了奉承语所隐藏的交际意图,该意图的最终目的有益于奉承者自身,而ICM理论成功了解释了奉承者和听话人对于奉承语的产生和解读时的认知过程。两种理论的合理性为我们提供了极大的可能性,将二者整合成一新的理论框架:RT-ICM(关联-理想认知模型)。本文并采用了《铁齿铜牙纪晓岚》中选取的奉承语语料和网络素材《马屁微博教程》中案例,作为例证分析该框架的解释力。 经过分析,本文发现1)奉承语的产生源于奉承者的自我利益,隐藏有益于说话人的交际目的和作为显义的夸张赞扬是奉承语的两个判断标准。2)奉承语的产生机制为奉承者采用隐性交际的方式,在言语交际前,奉承者脑海中先设想某一ICM并试图改变听话者韵认知语境使得听话人脑海中也构建相同ICM。奉承语的理解机制为听话人习惯于花“最小努力”来搜寻最佳关联的交际意图,来建立起某一“最佳”ICM。如果听话人脑海中的ICM和奉承者试图传播的ICM.一致,则其产生的隐义CM(implicature CMs)将可能会影响到听话人并最终甚至使得奉承者收益。3)奉承语的效果分为成功和失败两类,奉承语成功则是听话人脑海中ICM和奉承者试图传播的ICM一致。但奉承语失败则有两种原因导致:听话人认知语境的影响因素和听话人建立起的ICM不同于奉承者所试图传播的ICM。 本文为奉承语研究提供了一个新的视角——语用认知研究,揭示了奉承语的生成理解机制。故而能解释奉承的不同策略和不同人对于奉承的反应差异。通过应用RT-ICM,例证中的奉承语判断标准、产生机制、理解过程和效果均能得到良好解释。本论文对于语用认知整合研究和奉承语的研究都具有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Flattery is a common but special language in the daily life of human society. Flattery has its own special purpose and influence. To flatter others, the speaker can close and listen to the person's distance, and even further realize its own interests. Compared with the compliment, though the flattery is widely present, it does not cause a lot of attention by the scholars. Adding to flattery is not sincere, causing a lot of people to have a negative attitude to them. The linguists are not fully aware of the importance of their generation and understanding. Therefore, it is necessary for linguistics to systematically study the generation and interpretation of flattery. Although there is not much systematic research in this respect, some foreign scholars have studied the flattery in the aspects of rhetoric, psychology, sociolinguistics, and pragmatics. The American social psychologist, Edward Elsworth Jones, has made a series of research in the psychology of flattery in his" Best " Chunk> ICM. If the ICM and the dearer in the mind of the listener try The ICM of the graph, which is the same as the ICM in which it is propagated, will likely affect the listener and eventually even make the income of the undertaker.3) The effect of flattery is divided into two categories: success and failure, and the success of the flattery is an attempt to communicate with the ICM and the confessor in the mind. The ICM of the broadcasting is the same. But there are two reasons for the failure of the flattery: the influence factors of the listener's cognitive context and the ICM established by the listener are different from those of the other The ICM. This paper provides a new perspective _ pragmatic cognitive study for the study of flattery. The generation and understanding mechanism of the language. Therefore, it can explain different strategies and different people of flattery. The difference in the response to flattery. By applying the RT-ICM, the flattery judgment criteria in the case, the generation mechanism, the understanding process, and the effect The study of the study of the whole and the flattery of the pragmatic cognition
【学位授予单位】:安徽大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2013
【分类号】:H136
本文编号:2446332
[Abstract]:Flattery is a common but special language in the daily life of human society. Flattery has its own special purpose and influence. To flatter others, the speaker can close and listen to the person's distance, and even further realize its own interests. Compared with the compliment, though the flattery is widely present, it does not cause a lot of attention by the scholars. Adding to flattery is not sincere, causing a lot of people to have a negative attitude to them. The linguists are not fully aware of the importance of their generation and understanding. Therefore, it is necessary for linguistics to systematically study the generation and interpretation of flattery. Although there is not much systematic research in this respect, some foreign scholars have studied the flattery in the aspects of rhetoric, psychology, sociolinguistics, and pragmatics. The American social psychologist, Edward Elsworth Jones, has made a series of research in the psychology of flattery in his
【学位授予单位】:安徽大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2013
【分类号】:H136
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