从社会语言学的角度考察山西平遥方言的社会功能

发布时间：2019-03-26 13:54

【摘要】：标准语同地域方言的关系一直是社会语言学研究的重要课题之一,国内外学者在此项领域的探索中也取得了不少的成果。戴庆厦先生就曾说过,普通话和方言的关系是我国研究语言关系的三大板块之一。虽然该类研究自推广普通话以来-就备受关注,至今已有一定的历史,但近些年由普通话和方言引发的冲突和争论再一次让人们重新审视两者间的关系,人们希望能找到一个和谐点,让普通话和方言共存于某个地域并利用各自的优势在某一社会领域或社会群体中充分发挥作用。早在2000多年前,杨雄就通过来自全国各地的孝廉和卫族,搜集并记录了当时的口语词汇,整理成一本方言比较词汇集一一《方言》。从该书诞生起,历时几千年,古今学者都期望能对中国境内的方言作一全面的探索,但由于地域广阔、人口众多,又涉及到中国境内方言一些尚存争议的基础问题,比如种类的确定,方言类别的划分等,这一愿景至今未能实现。近年来,国内方言学界对地域方言的使用情况也做了大量的调查研究,但涉及到山西平遥方言使用功能的调查研究还比较少。本论文就是从社会语言学的角度,着重调查山西平遥地区普通话和方言的具体使用情况,进而揭示出平遥话的社会功能。本文着重采用社会语言学定量分析的研究方法,结合语言态度、语码转换等相关理论,并辅以问卷调查、随机访谈等方法,选择平遥一所中学的学生及家长,平遥一家旅行社的导游这三类人群作为调查对象,调查他们的语言使用情况及语言态度,并且把他们在会话中涉及到的语码转换动机也作为语料分析的根据。本项研究拟用调查所获数据,客观分析研究如下问题：1.平遥话的生存空间是否受到了普通话的挤压?为何?2.平遥话有没有可能在短时期被普通话取代?为何?3.平遥话具有哪些普通话没有的社会功能?在当地具有哪些区别于其它方言的独特的社会功能?本研究发现,目前平遥话虽然受到了推广普通话的影响,但在平遥仍然有较高的使用频率,短时间内并不会被普通话取代。因为它不仅仅是该地区某一类人群所使用的语言形式,而且是该地区所有居民在大部分语言环境下的主要交际工具。同时,由于平遥话在语音、词汇、语法上都存在同其他方言的区别性,所以还是当地文化的载体、人群身份的象征、联络乡情的媒介。此外,平遥话还在某种程度上推动了当地旅游事业的发展。平遥话寄托了当地人们的情感,在当地人心目中的地位十分重要。
[Abstract]:The relationship between standard language and regional dialect has always been one of the important topics in sociolinguistics research. Scholars at home and abroad have also made a lot of achievements in the exploration of this field. Mr. Dai Qingsha once said that the relationship between Putonghua and dialect is one of the three major areas in the study of language relations in China. Although this kind of research has attracted much attention since the promotion of Putonghua, and has a certain history, the conflicts and disputes between Putonghua and dialect in recent years have once again led to a re-examination of the relationship between the two. People hope to find a harmony point so that Mandarin and dialect co-exist in a certain region and make full use of their respective advantages in a social field or social group to play a full role. As early as more than 2000 years ago, Yang Xiong collected and recorded oral vocabulary from all over the country through Xiaolianhe Wei nationality. Since the book was born, lasting thousands of years, scholars in ancient and modern times have expected to make a comprehensive exploration of the dialects in China. However, due to their vast territory and large population, they have also involved some basic issues that remain controversial in dialects in China. For example, the determination of categories, the classification of dialects, and so on, this vision has not been achieved. In recent years, domestic dialect scholars have also done a lot of investigation and research on the use of regional dialects, but the investigation on the function of Pingyao dialect in Shanxi Province is still relatively few. From the perspective of sociolinguistics, this paper focuses on investigating the specific use of Putonghua and dialects in Pingyao area of Shanxi Province, and then reveals the social function of Pingyao dialect. This paper focuses on the use of sociolinguistic quantitative analysis, combined with language attitude, code-switching and other related theories, together with questionnaires, random interviews and other methods, to select the students and parents of a middle school in Pingyao. The tour guides of a travel agency in Pingyao were used as subjects to investigate their language usage and language attitude, and the motivation of code-switching involved in the conversation was also used as the basis of corpus analysis. This study is intended to use the data obtained from the survey and objectively analyse the following questions: 1. Is the living space of Pingyao dialect squeezed by Putonghua? Why? 2. Is it possible for Pingyao dialect to be replaced by Putonghua in a short period of time? Why? 3. What social functions does Pingyao dialect have in Putonghua? What are the unique social functions of the local dialect that are different from other dialects? It is found that although Pingyao dialect is influenced by the promotion of Putonghua at present, it still has a high frequency of use in Pingyao and will not be replaced by Putonghua in a short time. Because it is not only the language form used by a certain group of people in this area, but also the main communicative tool for all residents in the region in most linguistic environments. At the same time, because Pingyao dialect is different from other dialects in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar, it is also the carrier of local culture, the symbol of crowd status and the medium of contact with the countryside. In addition, Pingyao dialect also to some extent promoted the development of local tourism. Pingyao expresses the feelings of the local people and plays an important role in the minds of the local people.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H172.2

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