《当代汉语词典》收录新词语的研究

发布时间：2019-05-07 11:31

【摘要】：新词语通常被看作是语言变化发展的晴雨表，也被看作是社会变革的折射镜。它能够最迅速、最鲜明地反映时代的特色，更能够最直接、最丰富地体现社会的文化。历史上新词语产生的高峰期正好也是社会大发展的时期。世界各国的社会发展更促进了新词语的大量产生。国家语委语言应用研究所前几年对汉语新词语的调查数据显示：当代汉语每年出现近一千个左右的新词语，平均每天大约就会出现三个。随着语言研究的不断深入，新词语的研究也越来越成为国内外语言研究的一大热点。根据有关资料统计显示，自从二十世纪八十年代以来，有关新词语研究的论文近700多篇，收词各异的新词语词典近70部。我们在总结前人研究成果的基础上，大致梳理出国内外新词语的研究现状，从中发现其存在的问题与不足。为我们接下来正确地界定新词语提供了很好的理论依据。综上所述我们可以将新词语界定为：1979年以来产生的，在此之前没有的词和短语，包括新创造的、新借用的、新使用的，还包括有新用法和新义项的。《现代汉语词典》是一部以确定词汇规范、推广普通话和促进汉语规范化服务为宗旨的中型语文词典。现汉之所以能保持住它常青树的地位，最主要的因素就是它不断增收、补录新词语新义项，使之与时俱进，不断地适应社会发展的需要，，更好地满足广大读者的需要。《现代汉语词典》各个版本在收录新词语时所遵循的的总原则就是“词语在相当长的时间内是否一直在使用，是否具有较强的生命力”，具体的原则是“普遍性、稳定性和合理性”。我们只有在借鉴和吸收现汉收录新词语的原则的前提下，才能更好地制定出《当代汉语词典》收录新词语的标准和原则。通过以上理论整理和实例借鉴，值得关注的《当代汉语词典》在收录新词语方面应该有所创新、有所突破。《当代汉语词典》的特点是规模大、收词新、释义新、举例新。共收录当代常用词汇八万条，我们所需收录的新词语的比例和数量也将会有一个大的提高。这样就要求我们扩大新词语的收词范围，深入分析研究具体材料。除了现汉第六版所收录的新词语以外，我们还找出了三本比较有代表性的新词语词典。通过比较找出其中两本以上都收录的新词语，并且查找出这些新词语在人民网上的使用频次。依照我们所制定的收词标准和原则，对这些新词语进行人工删选和评定，最终给出《当代汉语词典》拟收录的新词语条目。
[Abstract]:Neologisms are often seen as barometers of the development of language change, as well as refractors of social change. It can reflect the characteristics of the times most quickly and vividly, and more directly and abundantly reflect the culture of society. The peak of neologism in history is also the period of great social development. Social development all over the world has promoted the emergence of a large number of new words. According to a survey of Chinese neologisms conducted by the Institute of language Application of the State language Committee in recent years, nearly 1,000 new words appear each year in contemporary Chinese, with an average of about three new words per day. With the development of language research, neologism has become a hot topic at home and abroad. According to relevant data statistics, since the 1980s, there have been more than 700 papers on neologism, and nearly 70 dictionaries of neologisms with different words have been collected. On the basis of summarizing the previous research results, we sort out the current research situation of neologisms at home and abroad, and find out the problems and shortcomings of neologisms at home and abroad. It provides a good theoretical basis for us to define the new words correctly next. To sum up, we can define new words as words and phrases that have come into being since 1979 and have not existed before, including newly created, newly borrowed, newly used, and include new usages and new meanings. Modern Chinese Dictionary is a medium-sized Chinese dictionary with the purpose of defining lexical norms, popularizing Putonghua and promoting the service of Chinese standardization. The most important factor in keeping the status of the evergreen tree in the present Han Dynasty is that it continues to increase income, make up new words and new meanings, make it keep pace with the times, and constantly adapt to the needs of social development. The general principle that each edition of the Dictionary of Modern Chinese follows when collecting new words is "whether words have been used for quite a long time and whether they have strong vitality". The specific principles are universality, stability and rationality. Only on the premise of drawing lessons from and absorbing the principles of the inclusion of new words in the present Han Dynasty can we better formulate the criteria and principles for the inclusion of new words in the Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese. Through sorting out the above theories and drawing lessons from examples, the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary should be innovative and breakthrough in the inclusion of new words. The characteristics of the Dictionary are large-scale, new word collection, new interpretation and new examples. A total of 80,000 commonly used contemporary vocabulary, we need to include the proportion and number of new words will also have a major increase. This requires us to expand the scope of new words, in-depth analysis of specific materials. In addition to the new words included in the sixth edition of the present Han Dynasty, we have also found three more representative dictionaries of neologisms. Through comparison to find out two or more new words, and find out the frequency of use of these new words on the people's website. According to the criteria and principles of word collection, these new words are selected and evaluated manually, and finally the new words items to be included in the Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese are given.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H164;H136

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