靖远方言词语考释
发布时间：2019-05-23 23:49
【摘要】：方言词语的考释古已有之，但迄今为止，有关靖远方言词语的研究成果并不多。因此，本文以自己家乡话为基础，借助《广韵》、《汉语大字典》等工具书，用所学的汉语言文字学相关知识尽可能系统地对靖远话里常说又写不出的或虽然常见却与普通话读音有些不同的字作以考释，以呈现靖远方言词语的大致面貌。其步骤是：首先，在学习《甘肃省靖远县方言音系》的基础上，根据该方言的《同音字汇》，初步梳理出一批写不出字的方言词。其次，查阅《汉语大字典》，从中摘出与靖远话形音义相同或相近的字并作筛选。再次，以韵书反切为依据，，从声、韵、调三方面考察古今语音的演变规律，并据韵书中相应的词义训释和其它文献用例严格考察词义。如古代音义与方言音义相吻合，即认定为本字。文献用例的查找多数通过《汉语大字典》等工具书的提示。共考释词语86个。 本文依黄伯荣、廖序东《现代汉语》（第三版）①对词类的划分，将所考释的词语分为四类，即动词、形容词、名词、拟声词。考释动词47个，形容词14个，名词23个，拟声词2个。并对所考释出的词语从音、义两方面作以小结。对方言词语的考释，要顾及音、义、形、书证等多方面。因此，对每个字的古今语音演变规律的解说，可为汉语语音史提供古今语音演变的材料。在靖远话中，有保留古音的痕迹。如“古无轻唇音”、“古无舌上音”、“娘、日二纽归泥”说等。今普通话读[t]、[t(?)]、[(?)]声母的，在靖远方言中读相应的[k]、[k]、[x]声母或[ts]、[t(?)]、[s]声母等。因有些词是今通语中消亡但今方言中存活的词，可为汉语词汇史提供相关信息。如，“鞔”、“b}”、“洎”、“(言冉)”、“f”、“V*”等词，今普通话中已不用但在方言中仍活跃着。同时，也为一些方言词找到了可靠的书写形式，如，表量词“捆”义的“(^u束)”，今常以“件”代之，非也。谓物因磨损渐销曰[z33]，今人多以“易”代之，非也，其正确书写形式应为“R椤薄Ｎ秸匙旁谖锾迳系脑喽髟弧肮竁?”的“W?”，今多以“痂”代之，非也。“W?”与“痂”虽音近，但义不同。这对方言、汉字等研究具有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:The textual research on dialect words has existed in ancient times, but so far, there are not many research results on Jingyuan dialect words. Therefore, this paper is based on his own local dialect, with the help of "Guangyun", "Chinese Dictionary" and other reference books, As far as possible, we use the relevant knowledge of Chinese philology to systematically study the words that are often said and can not be written in Jingyuan dialect, or which are often different from Putonghua pronunciation, in order to present the general appearance of Jingyuan dialect words. The steps are as follows: first of all, on the basis of learning the dialect phonetic system of Jingyuan County, Gansu Province, according to the homonym of the dialect, a number of dialect words that can not be written are preliminarily sorted out. Secondly, look up the Chinese Dictionary, pick out the words with the same or similar phonetic meaning as Jingyuan dialect and screen them. Thirdly, based on the reverse cutting of rhyme books, the evolution law of ancient and modern pronunciation is investigated from three aspects: sound, rhyme and tone, and the meaning of words is strictly investigated according to the corresponding word meaning interpretation and other literature use cases in rhyme books. If the ancient phonetic meaning coincides with the dialect phonetic meaning, it is recognized as the present word. Most of the literature use cases are prompted by reference books such as the Great Chinese Dictionary. A total of 86 words were examined and interpreted. According to the division of modern Chinese (third edition) by Huang Bolong and Liao Xudong, the words tested and interpreted are divided into four categories, namely verbs, adjectives, nouns and onomatopoeia. There are 47 verbs, 14 adjectives, 23 nouns and 2 onomatopoeia. And make a summary of the words from the sound and meaning of the words. The textual research and interpretation of each other's words should take into account sound, meaning, form, documentary evidence and so on. Therefore, the explanation of the evolution law of ancient and modern pronunciation of each word can provide the material of ancient and modern phonetic evolution for the history of Chinese pronunciation. In Jingyuan dialect, there are traces of retaining ancient sounds. For example, there is no light lip sound in ancient times, there is no sound on the tongue in ancient times, and the theory of "Niang, the second New York of Japan returning to the mud" and so on. Today's Mandarin reading [t], [t (?)], [(?)] The consonant reads the corresponding [k], [x] consonant or [ts], [t (?)], [s] consonant in Jingyuan dialect. Because some words are words that die in today's general language but survive in today's dialect, they can provide relevant information for the history of Chinese vocabulary. For example, the words "Yi", "b}", "Yan ran", "f" and "V *" are no longer used in Putonghua but are still active in dialects. At the same time, it also finds a reliable writing form for some dialect words, such as the measure word "bundles" (^ u bundles), which is often replaced by "pieces" today. The predicate is gradually sold because of wear and tear [z33]. Nowadays, most people replace it with "Yi", not also. Its correct writing form should be "R chiao thin N straw next to the brain?" Filthy? " Today, most of them are replaced by "scab", not also. "W?" Although it is close to scab, it has a different meaning. This has certain reference value for the study of dialects, Chinese characters and so on.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H17
本文编号：2484351
[Abstract]:The textual research on dialect words has existed in ancient times, but so far, there are not many research results on Jingyuan dialect words. Therefore, this paper is based on his own local dialect, with the help of "Guangyun", "Chinese Dictionary" and other reference books, As far as possible, we use the relevant knowledge of Chinese philology to systematically study the words that are often said and can not be written in Jingyuan dialect, or which are often different from Putonghua pronunciation, in order to present the general appearance of Jingyuan dialect words. The steps are as follows: first of all, on the basis of learning the dialect phonetic system of Jingyuan County, Gansu Province, according to the homonym of the dialect, a number of dialect words that can not be written are preliminarily sorted out. Secondly, look up the Chinese Dictionary, pick out the words with the same or similar phonetic meaning as Jingyuan dialect and screen them. Thirdly, based on the reverse cutting of rhyme books, the evolution law of ancient and modern pronunciation is investigated from three aspects: sound, rhyme and tone, and the meaning of words is strictly investigated according to the corresponding word meaning interpretation and other literature use cases in rhyme books. If the ancient phonetic meaning coincides with the dialect phonetic meaning, it is recognized as the present word. Most of the literature use cases are prompted by reference books such as the Great Chinese Dictionary. A total of 86 words were examined and interpreted. According to the division of modern Chinese (third edition) by Huang Bolong and Liao Xudong, the words tested and interpreted are divided into four categories, namely verbs, adjectives, nouns and onomatopoeia. There are 47 verbs, 14 adjectives, 23 nouns and 2 onomatopoeia. And make a summary of the words from the sound and meaning of the words. The textual research and interpretation of each other's words should take into account sound, meaning, form, documentary evidence and so on. Therefore, the explanation of the evolution law of ancient and modern pronunciation of each word can provide the material of ancient and modern phonetic evolution for the history of Chinese pronunciation. In Jingyuan dialect, there are traces of retaining ancient sounds. For example, there is no light lip sound in ancient times, there is no sound on the tongue in ancient times, and the theory of "Niang, the second New York of Japan returning to the mud" and so on. Today's Mandarin reading [t], [t (?)], [(?)] The consonant reads the corresponding [k], [x] consonant or [ts], [t (?)], [s] consonant in Jingyuan dialect. Because some words are words that die in today's general language but survive in today's dialect, they can provide relevant information for the history of Chinese vocabulary. For example, the words "Yi", "b}", "Yan ran", "f" and "V *" are no longer used in Putonghua but are still active in dialects. At the same time, it also finds a reliable writing form for some dialect words, such as the measure word "bundles" (^ u bundles), which is often replaced by "pieces" today. The predicate is gradually sold because of wear and tear [z33]. Nowadays, most people replace it with "Yi", not also. Its correct writing form should be "R chiao thin N straw next to the brain?" Filthy? " Today, most of them are replaced by "scab", not also. "W?" Although it is close to scab, it has a different meaning. This has certain reference value for the study of dialects, Chinese characters and so on.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H17
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