《红楼梦》与《金粉世家》中汉语拒绝策略的比较研究

发布时间：2019-05-31 16:07

【摘要】：拒绝言语行为是一种语言交际形式，通常指说话者对指令行为做出否定反应的行为。拒绝言语行为是内在威胁交际对象面子的行为，因此其实施需要很多技巧策略，以做到不仅表达了拒绝意图，而且还能把威胁面子的程度降至最低。因此，使用各种策略实现拒绝言语行为就变得非常必要。本文以言语行为理论和礼貌原则为基础，对两部主题，题材，人物描写均有相似之处的家族小说：清代古典小说《红楼梦》和现代小说《金粉世家》中拒绝言语行为策略做了详细的对比研究。重点研究这两本小说中拒绝言语行为策略的使用差异。同时，还对影响拒绝策略的两个社会因素，相对权势和社会距离进行研究，以研究它们对拒绝策略使用的影响。本文利用从《红楼梦》前八十回和《金粉世家》中搜集到的语料，，并根据研究问题使用统计归纳的方法对这些语料进行了分析。语言是社会文化的载体，它不是静止不动的。它对社会的反映最为敏感，随着社会的发展不断地发生演变。研究结果显示，在两本小说中，人们都倾向于使用间接拒绝策略以将面子威胁降到最低。但《金粉世家》中直接拒绝策略的使用频率对比与《红楼梦》中有很大提高。而在间接策略方面，两本小说中，讲道理策略都最为常用。此外，相比于《红楼梦》，《金粉世家》中劝说对话者放弃策略频率增高，替代策略明显减少，回避策略无明显变化，这三种拒绝策略都属于使用频率都较高的间接策略。此外，讲原则和使用俗语策略都有所降低。在两本小说中，权势较高的拒绝者都更倾向于使用直接拒绝策略，此倾向《金粉世家》中更为明显，其次为讲道理策略。当权势平等时，《红楼梦》中讲道理策略使用频率最高，而在《金粉世家》中为直接拒绝策略。社会距离对策略的选择也有一定影响，双方关系为亲属时，首选都为讲道理策略，但《金粉世家》中其余策略的使用更多样化。双方不存在亲属关系时，《金粉世家》中最多使用的是直接拒绝策略，而《红楼梦》中为讲道理策略。
[Abstract]:Refusal speech act is a form of language communication, which usually refers to the speaker's negative response to instruction behavior. Refusal speech act is an inherent threat to the face of the communicative object, so its implementation requires a lot of skills and strategies to not only express the refusal intention, but also reduce the degree of face threat to a minimum. Therefore, it is very necessary to use various strategies to achieve refusal speech act. Based on speech act theory and politeness principle, this paper deals with two topics and themes. There are similarities in the description of characters in family novels: the classical novel A Dream of Red Mansions in Qing Dynasty and the modern novel Golden Powder Family make a detailed comparative study on the strategies of refusing speech acts. This paper focuses on the differences in the use of refusal speech act strategies in the two novels. At the same time, two social factors, relative power and social distance, which affect the rejection strategy, are also studied in order to study their influence on the use of rejection strategy. This paper makes use of the corpus collected from the first 80 times of A Dream of Red Mansions and the Golden Powder Family, and analyzes these corpus according to the method of statistical induction. Language is the carrier of social culture, it is not static. It is the most sensitive to the response of society, with the development of society continues to evolve. The results show that in both novels, people tend to use indirect rejection strategy to minimize face threats. However, the frequency of direct rejection strategy in Golden Powder Family is much higher than that in A Dream of Red Mansions. In terms of indirect strategy, reasonable strategy is the most commonly used in both novels. In addition, compared with A Dream of Red Mansions, the frequency of persuading interlocutors to give up the strategy is increased, the alternative strategy is obviously reduced, and the avoidance strategy has no obvious change. All three rejection strategies belong to the indirect strategy with higher frequency of use. In addition, speaking principles and using idiom strategies have been reduced. In both novels, the more powerful refusal is more inclined to use the direct rejection strategy, which is more obvious in the Golden Powder Family, followed by the reasonable strategy. When the power is equal, the rational strategy is the most frequently used in A Dream of Red Mansions, while the direct rejection strategy is in the Golden Family. Social distance also has a certain impact on the choice of strategies. When the relationship between the two sides is a relative, the first choice is reasonable strategy, but the use of the rest of the strategies in the Golden Family is more diversified. When there is no kinship between the two sides, the strategy of direct rejection is the most used in Golden Powder Family, and the reasonable strategy is used in A Dream of Red Mansions.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H13;I207.4

【参考文献】