初级汉语水平美国留学生声调习得情况个案研究

发布时间：2019-06-22 18:21

【摘要】：声调是留学生汉语语音学习中的一个难点。本文通过跟踪调查,针对4名来华学习汉语半年左右的美国留学生,进行课文朗读和自由会话的语音收集,通过4个月的语料采集,汇总了朗读和会话的声调发音数据并进行分析对比。研究围绕三个目标展开：检验四声习得难度；对比自由会话和课文朗读时的声调发音特征；跟踪观察留学生语音表现的变化过程和发展趋势。第一部分绪论,概述选题缘由、研究目标及研究方法。现有针对汉语学习者的声调习得研究中,在研究角度上,朗读语料研究多于会话语料研究；在研究素材上,单字表及词表朗读研究远多于句子课文朗读研究：在研究方法上,跟踪调查研究很少。综述前人的研究,既进行纵向的跟踪录音,又将自由会话和课文朗读进行横向对比的研究仍是一个空缺。研究设计方面,扼要介绍了本文的研究对象、录音材料、录音过程、以及数据处理和分析方式。本文针对四名来华学习汉语时间在4—6个月左右的美国留学生进行课文朗读和自由会话的研究,录音过程为期4个月,共收集录音15次,课文朗读材料选自录音当周学生课堂上使用的教材。通过对朗读材料进行难度控制,选取7次录音进行数据统计,用excel对偏误情况进行统计,总结调型和调域问题,并用praat进行语音图分析。第二部分理论基础与研究综述,介绍已有声调习得领域的理论基础和前人的研究成果。理论基础部分主要介绍了迁移理论及其发展、中介语理论、语音变异理论,并着重就中介语理论中的“僵化”现象,以及语音变异理论中的情境语境对语音的影响进行介绍。研究成果综述主要就针对不同母语的汉语学习者的声调习得研究,以及关于汉语声调教学方法的研究进行介绍。第三部分课文朗读和自由会话部分数据分析对比。分别就偏误情况、调型调域问题、音高图进行个案分析。笔者发现朗读和会话的语音表现有一定的相关性,但会话部分会出现新的问题。偏误率方面,朗读部分阳平偏误率最高,其次是去声和上声,阴平发音情况最好；会话部分去声偏误率最高,阳平偏误率与去声很接近,然后是上声,阴平保持较低的偏误率。调域方面,四名被试在朗读和会话中都出现的普遍问题是调域过窄,其中阳平在朗读时的问题最大,上声在会话时基本以半上调域出现。调型方面,会话时的调型问题更多,显示出发音的随意性,可能与自我声调监控意识减弱有关。第四部分纵向发音数据分析。笔者将跨度4个月的语音样本进行纵向的数据分析,试图总结4名被试的共同声调变化及趋势,随后进行个案分析,尤其针对学习者的变化显著的声调进行描述和对比。在一段时间的学习和纠音训练后,四名被试的四声偏误率下降程度不显著,但存在波动,且四声的偏误率下降程度因人而异,每个被试的四个声调的改善幅度不同。调域问题比调型问题纠正难度大,个别被试出现“僵化”现象。第五部分偏误原因与教学建议。针对本文的发现,就被试的声调发音问题从情境变异、母语负迁移、汉语声调特点等角度分析了偏误产生的原因。并结合本文的研究发现,从声调教学顺序、适度纠音、语音训练材料选取、学习者的学习习惯和方法几个方面,为汉语声调教学提出建议。第六部分结论。对主要研究结论进行总结,并提出研究不足以及尚待解决和研究的问题,如扩大被试数量、延长跟踪时间,以及进行不同水平的汉语学习者的声调表现对比等。
[Abstract]:The tone is a difficult point in the Chinese speech study of the international students. In this paper, through follow-up investigation, four Chinese students who come to China to study Chinese half a year, carry out the speech collection of the text reading and the free conversation, and collect the voice data of the reading and the session through the data collection of 4 months, and compare them with the analysis. The research focused on three objectives: to test the difficulty of four-sound acquisition, to compare the pronunciation characteristics of the tone in the free session and the text, and to follow up the changing process and the development trend of the students' voice performance. The first part, the introduction, the summary of the reason, the research goal and the research party In the current study of the Chinese learners' tone acquisition, the study of the reading material is more than the study of the discourse material in the study angle. The study on the reading of the single-word and the word list is far more than the reading of the text of the sentence. In this paper, the author reviews the previous studies, which not only carries on the longitudinal tracking and recording, but also the study of the lateral contrast between the free conversation and the text reading is still an empty one. The research object, the recording material, the recording process, the data processing and the analysis party of this paper are briefly introduced in the aspect of the research and design. This paper studies the text and the free session of four American students who have been studying Chinese time in four to six months. The recording process is four months. The recording is carried out for 15 times. The reading material of the text is selected from the teaching of the students in the classroom. Materials. Through the difficulty control of the reading material, select 7 recording to carry on the data statistics, and use excel to make statistics on the error condition, summarize the problem of the adjustment and the adjustment, and use the pat to make the voice picture. On the basis of the theory and the research of the second part, the paper introduces the theoretical basis and the research of the previous researches in the field of tone acquisition. The basic part of the theory mainly introduces the theory of migration and its development, the theory of interlanguage and the theory of speech variation, and emphasizes on the "rigid" in the theory of the interlanguage and the influence of the context in the theory of speech variation on the speech. The summary of the research results is mainly on the study of the tone acquisition of Chinese learners with different mother tongue and the study of the teaching method of the Chinese tone. Introduction. Part 3: Number of text-reading and free session parts According to the analysis and comparison. A case-by-case analysis. The author has found that the speech performance of the reading and the session has a certain correlation, but the conversation part will show On the other hand, the error rate of the reading part is the highest, the second is to go to the sound and the sound, the yin flat pronunciation is the best; the conversation part has the highest error rate, the error rate of the positive level is close to the going sound, and then the upper sound and the yin flat keep the higher. In the field of regulation, the common problems of the four subjects in the reading and the conversation are too narrow, in which the problem of Yangping at the time of reading is the greatest, and the upper sound is in the middle of the session. Up-regulation of the appearance of the domain. In the aspect of profile adjustment, the type of adjustment during the session is much more, showing the arbitrariness of the pronunciation, and may be related to the self-tone monitoring. The fourth part of the longitudinal direction Data analysis is made to the pronunciation data. The author analyses the speech samples of four months in the longitudinal direction, tries to sum up the change and the trend of the four tested common tones, and then carries on the case analysis, in particular the tone of the learner's change. The four-tone partial error rate of four subjects was not significant, but there was a fluctuation, and the degree of deviation of the four-tone deviation was different from person to person, and the four tones of each subject were different. The improvement of the adjustment range is different. The problem of adjusting the domain is more difficult than the adjustment problem, and the individual subjects have the

"rigid" < / unk> phenomenon. Part V According to the findings of this paper, the problem of the tone pronunciation of the test is divided from the situation variation, the negative transfer of the mother tongue, the characteristics of the Chinese tone and so on. This paper analyzes the causes of the bias generation, and in combination with the research in this paper, it is for the Chinese to choose from the teaching sequence of the tone, the appropriate tone, the selection of the speech training material, the learner's learning habits and methods. On the Teaching of the Tone of the Language Recommendations. Part VI. Conclusion. Summary of the main findings and issues to be addressed and studied, such as the expansion of the number of subjects, the extension of the tracking time, and the implementation of different levels of Chinese
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.3

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