《金瓶梅词话》三音词研究
发布时间：2019-06-26 19:39
【摘要】：本文以近代汉语的代表作《金瓶梅词话》(以下都简称《词话》)中的三音词为研究对象。我们对该书进行了穷尽检索,共收集到三音词语1074个。其中名词717个,动词124个,形容词174个,副词33个,代词12个,拟声词13个,连词1个。本文采用定量分析和定性研究相结合,共时描写和历时考察相对比的方法。通过结构形式、语义特征及发展演变等几个方面的研究,力求全面展现《词话》三音词的面貌,并揭示其发展规律。 绪论介绍了《词话》词语的研究现状,近代汉语、现代汉语三音词的研究现状以及本研究的意义。第一章参考学界相关观点和词典收词原则界定了本文的研究对象：既包括部分学者严格定义的三音节词,也包括部分学者视为固定语的一些三音节组合。此外还总体论述了《词话》中三音词结构、语用等方面的特点。第二、三章重点分析了《词话》三音词中名、动、形等类词的结构特征。对各种结构类型进行了细致的统计和归类,并将我们得到的数据和现代汉语三音词研究的相关数据进行了比较。第四章首先考察三音词语素义与词义之间的关系,我们将其分为具体关系和抽象关系两大类来分别分析。然后分析了三音词的内部形式和语义场以及语义层次,并谈了语义分析对词典释义的启示。第五章主要考察《词话》三音词的历时发展情况,即其在现代汉语中的状况,包括形式和意义等方面。 通过本研究我们能够得到以下结论。 《词话》三音词包括单纯词和合成词,以包括派生式和复合式的合成词占大多数。派生式三音词的词缀种类少于双音词,一些词缀几乎不能构成三音词如“阿”缀。从音节模式来看,三音名词“2+1”式明显多于多于“1+2”式。三音动词和三音形容词的音节模式则以“1+2”式为主。总量来看仍以“2+1”音节模式最多,这一趋势从古代汉语到现代汉语日趋明显 从结构模式来看,偏正结构主导三音名词,动宾结构主导三音动词,ABB模式主导三音形容词。《词话》三音词各种结构类型所占的比例和现代汉语三音词基本一致,体现了近、现代汉语之间的密切联系。三音词的双音词根结构种类很多,以偏正式居多。《词话》三音词的内部形式丰富多样,三音词在《词话》中形成多个语义场,三音词在语义层次方面多位于下属义层。 形式和意义完整地保存在现代汉语普通话中的三音词仅占一小部分,大部分已退出现代汉语普通话词汇,主要原因是所指称事物的消失,也有部分保存在方言中。部分三音词形式保存意义变化,主要体现在义项数量的增减方面,也有些词的词义完全改变。部分三音词意义没变,形式发生了变化,多数变为双音词,少数变为四音节形式,还有一些仍为三音节但部分语素发生了变化。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the trisyllabic words in Jinpingmei dialect, the representative work of modern Chinese, as the object of study. We searched the book with all our efforts and collected a total of 1074 trisyllabic words. There are 717 nouns, 124 verbs, 174 adjectives, 33 adverbs, 12 pronouns, 13 onomatopoeia and 1 conjunction. In this paper, quantitative analysis and qualitative research are combined, synchronic description and diachronic investigation are compared. Through the study of structural form, semantic features and development and evolution, this paper tries to show the appearance of trisyllabic words in an all-round way and reveal the law of their development. The introduction introduces the research status of words, the research status of trisyllabic words in modern Chinese and modern Chinese, and the significance of this study. The first chapter defines the research object of this paper with reference to the relevant views of the academic circles and the principle of accepting words in dictionaries: it includes not only the trisyllabic words strictly defined by some scholars, but also some three-syllable combinations that some scholars regard as fixed language. In addition, this paper also discusses the characteristics of trisyllabic structure and pragmatics in ci dialect. Second, the third chapter focuses on the analysis of the structural characteristics of name, movement, form and other words in the trisyllabic words. This paper makes a detailed statistics and classification of various structural types, and compares the data obtained with the relevant data of the study of trisyllabic words in modern Chinese. In the fourth chapter, we first investigate the relationship between the meaning of trisyllabic words and the meaning of words, and we divide them into two categories: concrete relationship and abstract relationship. Then it analyzes the internal form, semantic field and semantic level of trisyllabic words, and discusses the enlightenment of semantic analysis to dictionary interpretation. The fifth chapter mainly investigates the diachronic development of trisyllabic words, that is, their situation in modern Chinese, including form and meaning. Through this study, we can draw the following conclusions. The trisyllabic words include simple words and compound words, with the majority of compound words including derivative and compound words. The affixes of derivative trisyllabic words are less than those of disyllabic words, and some affixes can hardly constitute trisyllabic words such as "A" affixes. From the point of view of syllable pattern, the "21" form of trisyllabic noun is obviously more than that of "12" type. The syllable pattern of trisyllabic verbs and trisyllabic adjectives is mainly in the form of "1 2". From ancient Chinese to modern Chinese, the correct structure dominates the trisyllabic noun, the verb-object structure dominates the trisyllabic verb, and the ABB mode dominates the trisyllabic adjective. The proportion of the various structural types of the trisyllabic word in < word dialect > is basically the same as that in the modern Chinese trisyllabic word, which reflects the close relationship between the near and the modern Chinese. There are many kinds of disyllabic root structures of trisyllabic words, most of which are formal. The internal forms of trisyllabic words are rich and diverse, the trisyllabic words form many semantic fields in the word dialect, and the trisyllabic words are mostly located in the subordinate semantic level. The trisyllabic words, which are completely preserved in modern Chinese Putonghua in form and meaning, account for only a small part, and most of them have been withdrawn from modern Chinese Putonghua vocabulary, mainly because of the disappearance of the things referred to, and some of them are preserved in dialects. The change of meaning in the form of some trisyllabic words is mainly reflected in the increase and decrease of the number of semantic items, and the meaning of some words is completely changed. The meaning of some trisyllabic words has not changed, the form has changed, most of them have become disyllabic words, a few of them have become four-syllable forms, and some of them are still trisyllabic but some morphemes have changed.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H134
本文编号：2506436
[Abstract]:This paper takes the trisyllabic words in Jinpingmei dialect, the representative work of modern Chinese, as the object of study. We searched the book with all our efforts and collected a total of 1074 trisyllabic words. There are 717 nouns, 124 verbs, 174 adjectives, 33 adverbs, 12 pronouns, 13 onomatopoeia and 1 conjunction. In this paper, quantitative analysis and qualitative research are combined, synchronic description and diachronic investigation are compared. Through the study of structural form, semantic features and development and evolution, this paper tries to show the appearance of trisyllabic words in an all-round way and reveal the law of their development. The introduction introduces the research status of words, the research status of trisyllabic words in modern Chinese and modern Chinese, and the significance of this study. The first chapter defines the research object of this paper with reference to the relevant views of the academic circles and the principle of accepting words in dictionaries: it includes not only the trisyllabic words strictly defined by some scholars, but also some three-syllable combinations that some scholars regard as fixed language. In addition, this paper also discusses the characteristics of trisyllabic structure and pragmatics in ci dialect. Second, the third chapter focuses on the analysis of the structural characteristics of name, movement, form and other words in the trisyllabic words. This paper makes a detailed statistics and classification of various structural types, and compares the data obtained with the relevant data of the study of trisyllabic words in modern Chinese. In the fourth chapter, we first investigate the relationship between the meaning of trisyllabic words and the meaning of words, and we divide them into two categories: concrete relationship and abstract relationship. Then it analyzes the internal form, semantic field and semantic level of trisyllabic words, and discusses the enlightenment of semantic analysis to dictionary interpretation. The fifth chapter mainly investigates the diachronic development of trisyllabic words, that is, their situation in modern Chinese, including form and meaning. Through this study, we can draw the following conclusions. The trisyllabic words include simple words and compound words, with the majority of compound words including derivative and compound words. The affixes of derivative trisyllabic words are less than those of disyllabic words, and some affixes can hardly constitute trisyllabic words such as "A" affixes. From the point of view of syllable pattern, the "21" form of trisyllabic noun is obviously more than that of "12" type. The syllable pattern of trisyllabic verbs and trisyllabic adjectives is mainly in the form of "1 2". From ancient Chinese to modern Chinese, the correct structure dominates the trisyllabic noun, the verb-object structure dominates the trisyllabic verb, and the ABB mode dominates the trisyllabic adjective. The proportion of the various structural types of the trisyllabic word in < word dialect > is basically the same as that in the modern Chinese trisyllabic word, which reflects the close relationship between the near and the modern Chinese. There are many kinds of disyllabic root structures of trisyllabic words, most of which are formal. The internal forms of trisyllabic words are rich and diverse, the trisyllabic words form many semantic fields in the word dialect, and the trisyllabic words are mostly located in the subordinate semantic level. The trisyllabic words, which are completely preserved in modern Chinese Putonghua in form and meaning, account for only a small part, and most of them have been withdrawn from modern Chinese Putonghua vocabulary, mainly because of the disappearance of the things referred to, and some of them are preserved in dialects. The change of meaning in the form of some trisyllabic words is mainly reflected in the increase and decrease of the number of semantic items, and the meaning of some words is completely changed. The meaning of some trisyllabic words has not changed, the form has changed, most of them have become disyllabic words, a few of them have become four-syllable forms, and some of them are still trisyllabic but some morphemes have changed.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H134
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