复合趋向动词句法、语义的不对称研究

发布时间：2019-06-29 13:25

【摘要】：复合趋向动词作为现代汉语中比较封闭、复杂的一类，有着特殊的句法结构和语义功能，一直以来，是语言学研究的重点和难点。形式上，复合趋向动词两两对称，而功能上，在语言演变规律的推动下，对称和不对称共存。本文力图从描写这些不对称现象入手，进而对复合趋向动词句法、语义的种种不对称现象作出认知解释。本文主要包括绪论、主体、结语三部分，所作研究如下：第一部分为绪论，主要对本文的研究对象、界定范围、前人的研究成果以及研究意义进行了介绍，并且对本文研究方法和语料来源进行了说明。第二部分为主体，包括一至三章。第一章是对复合趋向动词句法形式的分析。“对称”、“不对称”是认知上的概念，复合趋向动词在句法形式上分为分离式与合并式，两种形式之间以及两种合并式之间是不对称的，原因在于认知方式的差异，象似性原则是制约不同认知方式的主要原因。第二章是对复合趋向动词的语义分析。根据复合趋向动词的语法化进程，在前人研究成果基础上，本文将复合趋向动词基本的语义类型归纳分类为客观空间位移义、主观空间位移义、时体义和结果义，又结合具体语料，分别讨论了六组复合趋向动词在语义功能上的对称与不对称现象。此外，，对语言学界颇具争议的“起来”和“起去”的不对称进行了分析。第三章在具体描写的基础上，运用认知语言学中的理论，分组分析了造成复合趋向动词语义上不对称的成因。主要涉及的认知语言学理论有意象图式理论、隐喻、凸显理论及主观化等。我们认为复合趋向动词语义的发展乃至于不对称是在复合趋向动词抽象化和主观化中产生的，人们在空间域获得的位移经验，在向抽象的感官思维领域隐喻投射的过程中，由于人们心理主观化倾向的不同，使得位移运动各组成部分呈现出不同的凸显，而未能凸显的意义淡化或消失。最后一部分是结束语，对全文进行了总结，并提出了本文研究的不足之处以及今后可以深入研究的方向。本文立足描写，全面解释，将语言的客观性与人们思维的主观性相结合，探讨复合趋向动词的语义和句法特征。
[Abstract]:As a closed and complex category in modern Chinese, compound directional verbs have special syntactic structure and semantic function, which has always been the focus and difficulty of linguistic research. Formally, compound directional verbs are pairwise symmetrical, while functional, driven by the law of language evolution, symmetry and asymmetry coexist. This paper tries to describe these asymmetrical phenomena and then make a cognitive explanation of the syntactic and semantic asymmetries of compound directional verbs. This paper mainly includes three parts: introduction, subject and conclusion. The first part is the introduction, which mainly introduces the research object, definition scope, previous research results and research significance, and explains the research methods and corpus sources of this paper. The second part is the main body, including one to three chapters. The first chapter is the analysis of the syntactic form of compound directional verbs. "Symmetry" and "asymmetry" are cognitive concepts. Compound directional verbs are divided into separate forms and merging forms in syntactic form. The reason lies in the difference of cognitive style, and the principle of iconicity is the main reason that restricts different cognitive styles. The second chapter is the semantic analysis of compound directional verbs. According to the grammaticalization process of compound directional verbs, on the basis of previous research results, this paper classifies the basic semantic types of compound directional verbs into objective spatial displacement meaning, subjective spatial displacement meaning, temporal meaning and result meaning, and discusses the symmetry and asymmetry of semantic function of six groups of compound directional verbs in combination with specific corpus. In addition, the controversial asymmetry of "rise" and "rise" in linguistics is analyzed. On the basis of concrete description, the third chapter analyzes the causes of semantic asymmetry of compound directional verbs by using the theory of cognitive linguistics. It mainly involves cognitive linguistics theory, intentional image schema theory, metaphor, salient theory and subjectivization. We think that the development of compound directional verb semantics and even asymmetry is produced in the abstraction and subjectivity of compound directional verbs. The displacement experience gained by people in the spatial domain, in the process of projecting metaphors to the abstract sensory thinking field, because of the different psychological subjectivization tendency of people, the various components of displacement movement show different prominence, but the meaning that can not be highlighted is desalinated or disappeared. The last part is the conclusion, which summarizes the full text, and puts forward the shortcomings of this paper and the direction of further study in the future. Based on description and comprehensive explanation, this paper discusses the semantic and syntactic features of compound directional verbs by combining the objectivity of language with the subjectivity of people's thinking.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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