手部“擦拭”义动词历时演变研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 23:28

本文关键词：手部“擦拭”义动词历时演变研究　出处：《华中师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文的研究对象是手部“擦拭”义动词。为了理清它的发展和演变情况,文章运用历时考察的方法,把上古期、中古期和近代期作为三个历史阶段,通过大量的语料调查,分别对三个不同时期的手部“擦拭”义动词进行细致的描写和分析。这一研究涉及两个方面,包括同一时期不同成员的发展情况和不同时期词汇的更替过程。上古时期,手部“擦拭”义动词在文献中的出现频率并不高。这一时期,“擦拭”语义场共有五个成员。其中“拭”和“拂”处于核心地位；“技”、“拒”、“挖”用例少,处于边缘地位。中古时期,出现了新的手部“擦拭”义动词“揩”、“抹”、“搌”、“掸”。这一时期,“擦拭”语义场共有七个成员,“拭”、“拂”、“技”、“揩”、“抹”、“搌”和“掸”。“拭”和“拂”作为重要的“擦拭”义动词延用下来,继续发挥作用。“揩”和“抹”的出现,对“拭”和“拂”的地位产生了冲击,但是它们使用频率不高,并未取得优势地位。“搌”和“掸”用例极少,处于边缘地位。上古时期出现的“拒”和“挖”在这一时期退出了“擦拭”语义场。“技”的“擦拭”义仍在使用,但不占据优势地位,仍属边缘成员。近代时期,“擦拭”语义场共有八个成员,“拭”、“拂”、“技”、“揩”、“抹”、“掸”、“擦”和“扭”。“擦”进入“擦拭”语义场,逐渐成为“擦拭”义核心词。“揩”和“抹”的地位不断上升,成为重要的“擦拭”义动词。“拭”作为古老的“擦拭”义动词,“擦拭”义保留下来,继续使用,但它的地位下降,原有的优势地位逐渐被新词取代。“拂”的义位分散,逐渐语素化,多用于复合形式中,完全丧失了以往的地位。“技”由于出现频率低,始终未取得优势地位,逐渐退出“擦拭”语义场。“撮”在宋代进入“擦拭”语义场,宋元时期用例较多,但它的竞争力明显不如其他几个新词,逐渐边缘化。中古出现的“搌”和“掸”在这一时期也出现了变化,“搌”不再出现,“掸”继续存在。手部“擦拭”义动词在长期的发展过程中,无论是词义,数量,还是地位都发生了变化。它们的发展演变是语言、社会和认知三方面因素综合作用的结果。
[Abstract]:The object of this study is hand wiping verb. In order to clarify its development and evolution, the article uses the method of diachronic investigation to take the ancient period, the middle ancient period and the modern period as three historical stages. Through a large number of data surveys, the author makes a detailed description and analysis of the hand wiping verbs in three different periods. This study involves two aspects. Including the development of different members in the same period and the changing process of vocabulary in different periods. In the ancient times, the frequency of hand wiping verbs in the literature was not high. There are five members in the semantic field of "wipe", in which "wipe" and "brush" are at the core; "technique", "refuse", "dig" use cases are few, in the edge of the ancient period, there were new hand "wipe" verb "wipe", "wipe", "make", "Shan". This period. There are seven members in the semantic field of "wipe", "wipe", "brush", "technique", "wipe", "wipe", "wipe" and "Shan". Continue to function. The appearance of "wipe" and "wipe" impacts on the status of "wipe" and "brush", but they are not used frequently and do not gain an advantage. "" and "Shan" use cases are very few. In the ancient times, the "reject" and "dig" exited the semantic field of "wiping". The meaning of "wiping" of "technique" is still in use, but it does not occupy the dominant position. In modern times, there are eight members in the semantic field of "wipe", "wipe", "brush", "technique", "wipe", "wipe" and "Shan". "wipe" and "twist". "wipe" enters the semantic field of "wipe" and gradually becomes the core word of "wipe". The status of "wipe" and "wipe" is rising. To become an important verb to "wipe". "wipe" as the ancient "wipe" meaning verb, "wipe" meaning remained, continue to use, but its status declined. The original dominant position is gradually replaced by new words. The meaning of "Fu" is dispersed and morphemized, which is mostly used in compound form, completely losing its former position. In the Song Dynasty, "pinch" entered the "wiping" semantic field, and there were more use cases in the Song and Yuan dynasties, but its competitiveness was obviously not as good as the other few new words. Gradually marginalizing. The mid-ancient appearance of "margin" and "Shan" also changed during this period, "make" no longer appear, "Shan" continued to exist. Hand "wipe" meaning verb in the long process of development. Both the meaning, quantity and status of words have changed. Their development and evolution are the result of the combination of linguistic, social and cognitive factors.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H14

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