基于HSK动态作文语料库的汉语量词重叠研究及偏误考察

发布时间：2018-01-02 00:06

  本文关键词：基于HSK动态作文语料库的汉语量词重叠研究及偏误考察　出处：《河北师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 量词重叠 偏误分析 对外汉语教学

【摘要】：量词是富有汉语特色的一种词类,具有鲜明的类型学特征,体现了汉语语法的重要特点。量词一直是对外汉语教学的重点和难点。“重叠”作为量词的重要语法特征,具有独特的语法功能和认知语用价值,在对外汉语教学中应引起充分的重视。学界对量词的研究一直比较关注,但重叠方面的考察则比较薄弱,尤其是面向对外汉语教学方面的成果十分鲜见。基于这种情况,我们拟对留学生汉语量词重叠的使用情况进行全面的调查,运用中介语理论和偏误理论,试图对存在的偏误及有关问题进行分析,并根据实际情况提出具体的对策。除了绪论之外,论文包括三个主体部分:第一部分:与本选题密切关联的汉语量词重叠研究。该部分在既有研究成果基础上,对量词的基本分类,重叠的范围、形式、语法功能和意义进行考察,并提出了自己的思考,以此作为下文研究的基础。在量词分类上,本文采取的是三分法,即名量、动量、形量为第一层,然后逐层进行下位分类。在量词重叠的条件上,既有的观点认为重叠要受到音节数目和量词色彩义的限制,并且认为度量衡量词的重叠接受度较差。在此基础上,我们发现,具有描述义的量词和不可类推的量词是难以重叠的。所谓量词的描述性,指除了对中心语进行量化外,还对其性质、状态进行描写,使之显得具体可感和生动形象;类推性则指普遍可及性,其表现之一就是允许该量词前面更多的或无限的数词进入。在量词重叠的形式类型上,本着“以简驭繁,繁简适中,凸显差异”原则,将量词重叠的基本类型确定为四类:“AA式”,“一AA式”,“一A一A式”和“一A又一A式”。在语法功能上,重叠后可充当句子的主语、谓语、定语、状语,少数还能充当补语和宾语。个体的量词是黏着的,重叠之后其黏着性降低,自由度提高,但也存在相反的情况,重叠后语法功能受到一定程度的限制,与数词组合的能力减弱。在语法意义上,重叠式具有三类语法意义,即“每一”义、连续义(逐一)和表多量。量词重叠后,功能和语义均呈现出增量,但同时也有个别的减量(如“一点”、“一点点”);在表量程度的差异上,“一A又一A式”“一A一A式”“一AA式”“AA式”。第二部分:汉语量词重叠偏误研究,主要归纳提取了偏误类型,引发偏误的动因,并对典型重叠式“个个”进行了重点考察。通过对HSK动态语料库的调查,发现“AA式”使用最多,依次为“一AA式”、“一A一A式”和“一A又一A式”。“AA式”作为原型重叠,是习得的重点,使用最多;“一A又一A式”这种构式组成复杂,习得难度较大,因此出现最少。在HSK动态作文语料库中,共检出偏误用例174多条,归纳出了五种较为典型的偏误,包括:滥用、冗余、误选、缺失、错序。“滥用”包括两种情况,一种是应使用其他形式表达,却使用了量词重叠;另一种正好相反,弃用重叠而使用其他不合格的形式。“误选”包括重叠格式的误选和重叠词语的误选。“冗余”多体现为与其他成分的表达重复或同类相斥。“缺失”一是量词重叠式缺失,一是受量词重叠修饰的中心语缺失。量词重叠式可以参与多项定语、状语的构造,存在错序问题。比较而言,“滥用”和“误选”所占比例大,主要原因是在学习者的意念里,存在一个同类语法意义的干扰项。对学生来说,量词重叠式同其他近义语法形式区别使用难度较大,具体选择与语境、句子结构、句中其他成分都有关系。在偏误动因方面,从负迁移、教材、汉语量词重叠及多项定语的复杂性等四个方面,探讨了导致量词重叠式使用偏误的因素。第三部分:根据对留学生习得汉语量词重叠偏误的分析,提出相关的教学建议。论文针对所存在的问题,从大纲、教材、教师和教学方法四个方面,就教学策略进行了进一步的思考,并提出有关建议。在教学上要以教材为主,适当介入日常生活情景用例;加强重复和练习,将机械操作与情景认知结合起来;要注重各种知识点之间的联系,将知识系统化、网络化。
[Abstract]:Quantifier is a lexical category rich Chinese characteristics, with distinct types of characteristics, reflects the important characteristics of Chinese grammar. The classifier has been the focus and difficulty of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The "overlap" as an important grammatical features of quantifiers, with unique grammatical function and cognitive pragmatic value in teaching Chinese as a foreign language should be full attention. The research on classifier has been more attention, but the effects of overlap is relatively weak, especially in teaching Chinese as a foreign language achievement is very rare. Based on this, we intend to conduct a comprehensive investigation on the use of students of Chinese quantifiers overlap, based on the interlanguage theory and error theory try to have some errors, and the related problems are analyzed, and put forward specific measures according to the actual situation. In addition to the introduction, the thesis includes three main parts: the first part: and the Chinese quantifiers overlap of closely related topics. In this part, based on the existing research results, the basic classification of quantifiers, the extent of overlap, form of grammatical function and significance, and puts forward his own thinking, as a basis for the following research. In the classifier classification, this paper takes the three points that method, quantity, momentum, shape for the first layer, and layer by layer. In the lower classification of quantifiers overlap on the condition that the existing view overlap by syllable number and color meaning quantifier restrictions, and that the measure words overlap the acceptance of the poor. On this basis, we have found that description of Quantifiers and not analogy quantifiers are difficult to overlap. The so-called quantifier description, except to quantify the language center, also on the nature, status description, which is specific and vivid; analogy refers to Universal accessibility, it is one of the manifestations of the quantifier in front of more or allow unlimited access. In the numeral classifier reduplication form type, the spirit of "simplification, simplified moderate, highlighting the different principle, the basic types of quantifiers overlap is determined as four categories:" AA "," AA "," A A "and" A and A ". In the grammatical function, reduplication can act as the subject of the sentence, the predicate, attributive, adverbial, minority can also act as a complement and object. The individual quantifier is adhesion, reduce the overlap after adhesion, improve the degree of freedom, but also has the opposite the situation, to a certain extent by the grammatical function overlap, and weaken the ability. Numeral combination in grammatical meaning, grammatical meaning with three types of reduplication, namely" each "meaning, meaning (one by one) and continuous multi table. After the duplication of measure words and semantic function, showing the incremental, but at the same time 涔熸湁涓�鍒�鐨勫噺閲，

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