《现代汉语词典》（第6版）兼类词表征策略研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 17:06

本文选题：词类　切入点：兼类　出处：《四川外国语大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在语言范畴研究中,兼类问题尤为重要,是目前语言学研究中的难点和热点问题,也是现代汉语词类研究中的难中之难。兼类指一个多义的概括词在社群语言系统层面词库中兼属两个或两个以上词类范畴的语法多功能现象,在语文词典中体现为兼类词。故以处理社群语言系统的重要语言学著作——词典入手,来解决兼类问题成了一个合理和方便的选择。本项研究以双层词类范畴化理论为指导,基于自建的“《现代汉语词典》(第6版)词类标注数据库”对其兼类词表征策略进行系统研究,研究发现:《现汉》(第6版)的兼类词数量(3746个)和比例(6.65%)与第5版相比没有太大变化,其中新增的279个兼类词有义项增加、词类更改、增收新词和条目合并四种致因,此外也有一些原本为兼类的变为了单类,尤其是系统删除了“推理方法或思维形式”、“体育项目”、“以动作表示结果”三类词的名词标记。文章在明确兼类的本质和成因、同一性判断标准和词性-词类判断标准的基础上指出:该词典之所以要系统删除自指用法,主要是因为固守“兼类要尽可能少”的原则,但基于语料库在线的实证数据发现,兼类词在宏观层面体现出较为明显的幂律分布,即少数兼类词覆盖了数量众多的个体词,为此我们提议把“兼类要尽可能少”原则修正为“兼类词关键少数”定律,并对兼类现象抱更为宽容和理智的态度。另外,该词典之所以在处理具有模糊性的词时出现了矛盾重重的情况(包括“横向处理不一”、“纵向变动不一”和“微观结构不一”),是因为没有认识到传统的自指、转指实际上是一种包含对立关系,除了自指和典型转指之外,还有一种处于自指转指中间地带、由于认知区分“过程”和“结果”或“内容”困难而很难定义它们到底是自指还是转指的类型,我们称之为“偏自指”。最后探讨了自指义项的释义模式类型。现代汉语词典的词类标注必须以双层词类范畴化理论为指导,坚持合理的词类判断程序,妥善区分言语层面句法中个体词例的词类范畴化和社群语言层面词库中概括词的词类范畴化,只有这样才能真正走出词类标注实践中的困境。
[Abstract]:In the study of linguistic category, the problem of both categories is particularly important, and it is a difficult and hot issue in the current linguistic research. It is also one of the difficulties in the study of modern Chinese parts of speech. It refers to the grammatical multifunctional phenomenon that a polysemous generalization word belongs to two or more categories of parts of speech in the lexicon of community language system. Therefore, it is a reasonable and convenient choice to solve the problem of concurrent category by dealing with the important linguistic work of community language system, the dictionary. This research is guided by the theory of categorization of two-layer parts of speech. Based on the self-built part of speech tagging Database of Modern Chinese Dictionary (6th Edition), this paper makes a systematic study on the strategy of representation of its concurrent words. The study found that the number of concurrent words (3746) and the proportion of 6.65 words in "Xianhan" (sixth edition) have not changed much compared with the fifth edition. Among them, 279 new compound words have increased meanings, changed parts of speech, added new words and merged items into four causes. In addition, some of the original concomitant words have been changed into single categories, especially the systematic deletion of the noun marks of "reasoning methods or forms of thinking", "sports events", and "expressing the result by action." the article clarifies the nature and causes of both categories. On the basis of identity criterion and part-of-speech criterion, it is pointed out that the reason why the dictionary should systematically delete the use of self-fingering is mainly because it adheres to the principle of "having as few categories as possible", but based on the online empirical data found from the corpus, There is a more obvious power law distribution in the macro level, that is, a small number of concurrent words cover a large number of individual words. Therefore, we propose to amend the principle of "concurrent category should be as few as possible" to the law of "the key minority of concurrent words". And have a more tolerant and rational attitude toward both phenomena. In addition, The reason why the dictionary has encountered conflicting situations in dealing with vague words (including "horizontal differences", "vertical variations" and "microstructural differences") is due to a lack of recognition of traditional self-targeting. In fact, it is a kind of opposite relation. In addition to the self-index and the typical index, there is also one in the middle of the self-index. Because of the difficulty of cognitively distinguishing "process" from "result" or "content", it is difficult to define whether they are self-directed or redirected. We call it "partial self-pointing". Finally, we discuss the type of interpretation mode of self-referential meanings. The tagging of parts of speech in modern Chinese dictionaries must be guided by the theory of double-level categorization of parts of speech, and adhere to a reasonable procedure of judging parts of speech. Only by properly distinguishing the categorization of individual words in speech level syntax from the categorization of generalized words in the lexicon of community language level can we really get out of the dilemma in the practice of part of speech tagging.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.2

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