基于《新形式新用法成语词典》的现代汉语新成语研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 17:38

本文选题：新成语　切入点：《新形式新用法成语词典》　出处：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新成语的出现是语言发展和社会变化的产物,它在使用的过程中既体现了传统成语的特点,又融入了时代的特征。本文以《新形式新用法成语词典》中296条新成语作为基本数据进行研究,主要从共时静态描写与历时使用分析两个角度展开,运用传统语言学及对比语言学的相关理论对其进行描写,并对2000年以来新成语的使用情况进行统计分析,以丰富新成语的研究范围,扩展新成语的研究领域,强化对语言发展及使用的认识。本文主要分为四个部分:第1章是绪论部分,主要介绍研究现状、研究目的及意义、研究方法、研究的基础语料。第2章对新成语的来源进行分析,得出新成语的来源主要有吸收、借用、新造三种。第3章主要从语音、语义、语法等三个方面对新成语展开分析。在语音方面,从声调类型、双声、叠韵以及叠音等角度对新成语进行分析,得出传统诗词的平仄律在新成语中有一定程度的体现,同时新成语对传统韵律平仄相间形式有一定程度的改变。在双声、叠韵以及叠音上,新成语与传统成语的使用情况基本一致,共同体现出语音节奏上的和谐对称的特点。在语义方面,从修辞的角度对新成语的语义进行分析,得出新成语的语义表达方式主要有直陈式、修辞式、形容式三种。在语法方面,名词性新成语在语法结构方面是对传统名词性成语语法结构形式的丰富与发展。在语法功能方面,名词性新成语与传统成语在语法功能方面表现一致。动词性新成语继承与发展了传统动词性成语的语法功能。形容词性新成语在语法结构形式上相对较少。在语法功能上,形容词性新成语是对传统形容词性成语的有保留式发展,在一定程度上丰富了成语的语法功能。第4章通过对2000年以来新成语的整体年度使用状况、使用频度分别进行统计分析后,得出新成语整体使用趋势为先上升后又有所下降,这正符合新词语的一般发展趋势。新成语在2000-2016年的整体使用频度上呈“中间大两头小的纺锤体”形态,分布很不平衡。通过对新成语使用变化趋势进行逐个统计分析,可得出以下几种类型:断续型、周期型、成长型、衰减型、凸起型、凹陷型。依据刘长征先生的观点共得到28条高频新成语。通过对高频新成语进行逐个分析,得出其语言特征为:在语音上,高频新成语比较注重声调及声韵的搭配;在语法方面,高频新成语的述宾型中有一个特殊的类型,即在结构上呈“一三”的切分方式,以这种结构形式出现的新成语与传统成语中的“二二相承”的形式不同。在语法性质上,高频新成语以动词性和名词性为主,动词性的高频新成语所占比重最大。
[Abstract]:The emergence of new idioms is a product of the development of language and social change, it is in the process of using not only embodies the characteristics of traditional idioms, but also into the characteristics of the times. This paper takes < new forms and usage of Idioms Dictionary > 296 new idioms as the basic data for research, mainly from the synchronic and static description and diachronic use analysis of two angles, using the related theories of traditional linguistics and comparative linguistics for the description, and the use of new idioms since 2000 for statistical analysis, to study the range of rich new idioms, idioms in new research field, strengthen the understanding of the language development and use. This paper is divided into four parts first chapter is the introduction part, mainly introduces the research status, purpose and significance, research methods, basic research data. The second chapter analyzes the new source of idioms, idioms are the new source There are three kinds of new borrowing and absorption. The third chapter mainly from the pronunciation, semantics, to analyze the three aspects of the new idiom grammar. In the speech, from the two tone type, and to analyze the new idioms and perspectives that reduplicated assonance, traditional poetry tonal law is reflected to some extent in the new idiom at the same time, the new idiom has a certain degree of change of traditional rhythmic tones. In the form of alliteration, assonance and reduplication, the use of new idioms and traditional idioms are basically the same, manifests the characteristics of harmonious symmetry on the rhythm of speech. In terms of meaning, semantic analysis of Idioms from the perspective of rhetoric. The new idiom semantic expression includes direct Chen style, rhetoric, describe three. In the aspect of grammar, nouns of new idioms is to enrich and develop the traditional noun idiom grammatical structure in grammatical structure. In the aspect of the grammatical function, noun phrase and traditional idioms in new grammatical function. The verb new idioms the inheritance and development of the traditional verbal idioms of the grammatical function of adjectives. A new grammatical structure in the form of relatively less. In the grammatical function, the adjective new idiom is the traditional idiom of the retain the type of development, rich in a certain degree of idioms and grammatical function. The fourth chapter focuses on the whole new year since 2000 the use of idioms, use frequency were analyzed, the new trend of the overall use of idioms was first increased and then decreased, which is consistent with the general trend of the new words. A new idiom the "spindle" middle two small form in the frequency of use of 2000-2016 years on the whole, the distribution is very uneven. By statistical analysis by using the trend of changes in the new idiom, We can draw the following several types: intermittent cycle type, type, growth, decay, convex, concave. According to the views of Mr. Liu long got 28 new high-frequency idioms. Through the analysis of the new high frequency by the linguistic features of idioms, as in speech, the new idiom pays more attention to the collocation of tone frequency in the aspect of grammar and phonology; and there is a special type of new type high frequency verb idiom, which is "13" the way of segmentation in the structure, in this structure the emergence of new idioms and idioms in the traditional "22 phase commitment" form. In different grammatical properties, the new high frequency idioms with verbs and nouns, verbs of new high-frequency idioms have the highest proportion.

【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H136

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