古汉语“者”:自指和转指如何统一

发布时间：2018-03-23 02:06

本文选题：先秦“者”　切入点：自指　出处：《中国语文》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本文讨论如何对先秦"者"的各种用法做统一的解释。首先说明"者"无法统一为"名词化标记",试图这样统一的努力不成功。然后说明朱德熙将"者"统一为"转指标记"的提议值得肯定的地方和存在的问题。值得肯定的地方是把自指的"者"和转指的"者"统一解释符合科学研究追求"简洁性"的精神,突破了自指和转指必须对立的成见;存在的问题则是这种处理存在一个理论上的不自洽:如果将VP后的"者"定性为名词化标记,就无法将"者"统一为转指标记;如果将"者"统一为转指标记,就不能将VP后的"者"定性为名词化标记。存在这种问题的原因是没有彻底摆脱印欧语观念的束缚,过分看重主谓结构的地位和默认"名动分立"。针对问题和问题的成因,本文提出的统一方式是将"者"根本上定性为自指性的"提顿复指词",它的转指功能是衍生的,这个解释在逻辑顺序和历史顺序上达成一致。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses how to make a unified interpretation of various uses of the "person" in the pre-Qin period. First, it is explained that the "person" cannot be unified as a "nominalized mark", and the attempt to unify the "person" is not successful. Then it is explained that Zhu Dexi unified the "person" with the "person". The positive points and problems in the proposal of "change indicators" are that the unified interpretation of the self-referring "person" and the "person" is in line with the spirit of scientific research in pursuit of "simplicity". The problem is that there is a theoretical inconsistency in this kind of treatment: if the "person" after VP is characterized as nominalization mark, the "person" can not be unified into the index of conversion; If the "person" is unified as a conversion indicator, the "person" after VP cannot be characterized as a nominalized mark. The reason for this problem is that it is not completely free from the shackles of the Indo-European concept. Too much attention is paid to the position of the subject-predicate structure and the default "separation of names and actions". In view of the problems and the causes of the problems, the unified way proposed in this paper is to characterize the "person" as a self-directed "Triton compound word", whose function is derived. This explanation is agreed in logical order and historical order.
【作者单位】：上海对外经贸大学国际商务外语学院;中国社会科学院语言研究所;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目(编号:13CYY005) 中国博士后科学基金第57批面上(编号:2015M571214)资助
【分类号】：H131

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