认知语言学视角下“哦”的语法化研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 14:13

本文选题：“哦”　切入点：语法化　出处：《温州大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在现代汉语日常会话中,语气词对人们成功交际发挥着不可小觑的作用。语气词意义的空灵和结构的灵活性使许多专家学者们难以对其进行全面且系统的研究。近年来,一些学者开始对新生语气词“哦”产生了兴趣,主要原因是该语气词使用的广泛性和用法的灵活性。本文基于北大语料库和汉语词典,将“哦”依据词性分别归类为动词、感叹词和语气词并逐一对其语义、语用和构式进行分析与探讨。经由分析发现,“哦”的语法化过程是由最初的动词虚化为叹词,并逐渐虚化为语气词,这一过程中具有停滞性和单向性的特点。此外,本文运用认知语言学中的概念隐喻和主观化以期解释和分析“哦”的语法化过程。概念隐喻是语法化过程中重要的认知机制之一。概念是表述的内容,隐喻是表述的机制。概念隐喻是一个具体的概念域向一个抽象的概念域的系统映射。主观化则是语法化过程中另一个重要的认知机制,指的是在识解一个场景时,人们倾向于将客观轴调整到主观轴,从而实现语法化的过程。本文将“哦”的语法化过程分为动词“哦”到叹词“哦”以及叹词“哦”到语气词“哦”。通过分析,发现经由动词“哦”虚化为叹词“哦”的认知动因是概念隐喻和主观化。动词虚化为叹词是由一个具体的空间域映射到一个抽象的情感域,且当人们识解动词“哦”时,识解角度也由客观转为主观。在第二个语法化过程中,概念隐喻和主观化难以有力地论证叹词“哦”虚化为语气词“哦”。但经过分析可知,这一过程中类比起到了一定的作用。汉语中有许多叹词也可以作为语气词,如“啊”和“吧”,这给叹词“哦”虚化到语气词“哦”提供了参考。本文不仅从认知的角度分析了“哦”的语法化过程,而且从语用角度进行阐释。因为在此变化过程中,认知和语用是密不可分的。通过分析发现:“哦”的语法化过程符合人类的认知发展规律,为我们探索镶嵌在语言中的人类思维规律提供了借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:In the daily conversation of modern Chinese, modal words play an important role in successful communication. The empty meaning and flexibility of structure make it difficult for many experts and scholars to study them comprehensively and systematically in recent years. Some scholars have become interested in the new mood word "Oh", mainly because of its extensive use and flexibility in usage. Based on the Peking University corpus and the Chinese dictionary, "Oh" is classified as a verb on the basis of part of speech, respectively. The semantics, pragmatics and construction of interjections and mood words are analyzed and discussed one by one. It is found that the grammaticalization of "oh" is from the initial verb to the interjection, and gradually to the modal. This process is characterized by stagnation and unidirectionality. This paper uses conceptual metaphor and subjectivization in cognitive linguistics to explain and analyze the grammaticalization of "oh". Conceptual metaphor is one of the important cognitive mechanisms in the process of grammaticalization. Concept is the content of expression. Metaphor is the mechanism of expression. Conceptual metaphor is the systematic mapping of a concrete concept domain to an abstract concept domain. Subjectivization is another important cognitive mechanism in the process of grammaticalization, which refers to the understanding of a scene. People tend to adjust the objective axis to the subjective axis so as to realize the process of grammaticalization. In this paper, the grammaticalization of "oh" is divided into the verb "oh" to the interjection "oh" and the interjection "oh" to the modal word "oh". It is found that the cognitive motivation of the verb "oh" to "oh" is conceptual metaphor and subjectivization, which is mapped from a specific spatial domain to an abstract emotional domain, and when people understand the verb "oh", In the second grammaticalization process, conceptual metaphor and subjectivization are difficult to prove forcefully that the interjection "oh" is a modal word "oh". However, the analysis shows that, Analogy plays a role in this process. There are many interjections in Chinese that can also be used as modal words. Such as "ah" and "bar", which provides a reference for the interjection from "oh" to "oh". This paper not only analyzes the grammaticalization process of "oh" from the perspective of cognition, but also interprets it from the perspective of pragmatics, because in the course of this change, Cognition and pragmatics are inextricably linked. It is found that the grammaticalization of "oh" conforms to the laws of human cognitive development, which provides us with reference for exploring the laws of human thinking embedded in language.
【学位授予单位】：温州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H14

【参考文献】