现代汉语“上X下Y”对举四字格研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 16:22

本文选题：上X下Y”　切入点：内部构成　出处：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文依据从北京大学中国语言学研究中心语料库检索到的语料详细考察现代汉语“上X下Y”对举四字结构的内部构造、句法功能、格式意义,并探讨这种框式结构的一些语用特征和有针对性的对外汉语教学建议。第1章为绪论部分,对本文的选题意义、有关的国内外研究现状和本文的语料来源等进行说明。第2章对“上X下Y”格式的句法进行分析。首先,在内部构造方面,从内嵌成分X、Y的语法性质看,“上X下Y”对举四字结构中的X、Y均为单音节成分的占到一半以上;从内嵌成分X、Y的语法类别上看,X、Y都为名词性成分、动词性成分和形容词性成分,其中动词性成分占比最高,并且其中多为动作行为动词或动词性语素。其次,在句法功能方面,“上X下Y”对举四字结构可以充当多种语法成分。具体来看,X、Y为名词性成分、动词性成分和形容词性成分时的句法功能有相同的地方,也有不同的地方,X、Y为动词性成分和形容词性成分时具有更强的谓词性特征。第3章对“上X下Y”格式的格式义进行分析。在格式意义方面,发现“上X下Y”对举四字结构的意义构成相对复杂,可以表示空间意义,也可以表示范围义和反复义。第4章对“上X下Y”格式的语用特点进行分析。从语用价值角度来看,“上X下Y”对举四字结构具有隐喻功能,其中身份地位的尊卑隐喻最常出现,其次还有动作量多少的隐喻和品质高低的隐喻;从具有凝固义的“上X下Y”对举四字格式来看,此结构所要传递的信息焦点往往在“X”、“Y”上,而“上、下”一般充当背景信息。第5章对“上X下Y”格式的教学提出建议。“上X下Y”对举四字结构的特点要求对外汉语教师注意,在对比教学的过程中帮助学生掌握隐喻思维,逐步引导学生从认知隐喻角度找到不同概念域之间的相似性,加深对汉语空间隐喻表达的认识,总结空间隐喻的规律,从而建构一种隐喻认知模式。
[Abstract]:Based on the data retrieved from the corpus of the Center of Chinese Linguistics Studies of Peking University, this paper examines in detail the internal structure, syntactic function and formal meaning of the "upper X and Y" pairs in modern Chinese. It also discusses some pragmatic features of the frame structure and relevant suggestions for teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Chapter 1 is the introduction, which is of significance to this thesis. In chapter 2, the syntax of "upper X under Y" is analyzed. First, in terms of internal structure, From the perspective of the grammatical nature of the embedded component XY, "upper X and Y Y" account for more than half of all the XY elements in the four-character structure, and from the grammatical category of the embedded component XY, they are all noun, verb and adjective elements. Among them, the proportion of verb sex is the highest, and most of them are action action verbs or verb morpheme. Secondly, in syntactic function, "upper X under Y" can act as a variety of grammatical elements. The syntactic functions of verb and adjective elements are the same. There are also different places where XY is a verb component and an adjective component with stronger predicate characteristics. Chapter 3 analyzes the format meaning of "upper X under Y" format. It is found that the meaning of "upper X and lower Y" to the four-character structure is relatively complex and can represent the spatial meaning. Chapter 4 analyzes the pragmatic characteristics of "upper X and Y" format. From the perspective of pragmatic value, "upper X and Y" has metaphorical functions in respect of the four-character structure, among which the status of status metaphor is the most common. Secondly, there are metaphors of how many actions are measured and metaphors of high and low quality. From the view of the "upper X" and "Y", the information focus of this structure is often on "X", "Y", and "on". Chapter 5 gives some suggestions on the teaching of "upper X and Y". The characteristics of "upper X and lower Y" on the four-character structure require teachers of Chinese as a foreign language to pay attention to help students master metaphorical thinking in the process of contrastive teaching. It leads students to find the similarity between different conceptual domains from the perspective of cognitive metaphor, deepen the understanding of Chinese spatial metaphor expression, summarize the laws of spatial metaphor, and construct a metaphorical cognitive model.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3

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