评价理论视角下南海问题中的中国外交话语

发布时间：2018-04-14 10:35

本文选题：中国外交话语 + 评价理论　；参考：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为一个世界大国,中国在国际事务中起着越来越重要的作用。其国家政策和在关键问题上的态度都深受国内外的关注。因此,中国的外交辞令往往受到学术界极大地关注。国内外对中国外交辞令的研究主要是从语用学的合作原则,礼貌原则,预设理论等方面来研究其基本特征和技巧。这些研究并没有从词汇的层面挖掘中国外交辞令的用语特征。评价理论是系统功能语言学中从人际意义研究中发展而来的词汇语法新理论,可以用于对中国外交辞令的词汇层面的研究。本文从评价理论角度对中国外交新闻发布会中的介入资源进行分析研究。评价理论中的介入系统主要研究话语语境下,语言使用者如何通过语言资源来表达自己的观点,并与其他可能的观点进行交涉的过程。本文作者从中国外交部官网中的南海问题专栏选取了 30篇外交新闻发布会语篇作为语料,并对语料中的介入资源进行了系统详细的分析。本人作者通过分析研究发现,在中国外交新闻发布会中,相比于自言资源,中国新闻发言人倾向于使用更多的借言资源。而在借言资源中,相比于扩展资源,中国新闻发言人倾向于使用更多的收缩资源来清晰地表达他们所代表的中国政府的立场,树立威信,以及避免记者可能提出的挑衅言论甚至是语言陷阱。在收缩资源中,中国新闻发言人使用的否认资源远远超过公告资源。这与前人的研究结果正好相反。这是一方面是由于中国政府在如领土问题这样的关键问题上否认任何企图挑战其权威的言论,另一方面中国在近几年,尤其是南海问题争端不断的情况下,一改之前软绵形象,形成了不惧任何挑战的新形象。在扩展资源中,中国新闻发言人使用的外言资源远远超过内言资源。这也与前人的研究结果相反。这是因为当面对如南海仲裁案这样的棘手问题,中国新闻发言人需要列举很多其他的资料来使记者们清楚事件背后的事实以及当前国际社会上舆论对中国立场的支持导向。关于中国外交辞令中的用语特征,本文作者发现了以下七点:第一,中国新闻发言人很少使用“也许”,“可能”等情态词,因为在中文中这些词给人一种软弱,犹豫的感觉;第二,中国新闻发言人倾向于引用大量的其他资源来说明相关事实和当前的情况,也就是说,中国新闻发言人倾向于间接地说明情况;第三,当中国新闻发言人使用拉开距离资源时,其实就隐含了其对当前所引用的言论的否定态度,而且中国新闻发言人倾向于用“所谓的”引导其持批判态度的言论;第四,当面对如领土问题这样的关键问题时,中国新闻发言人倾向于直接否认挑衅言论,以表明其维护国家主权领土完整的决心以及其不惧任何挑战的信心;第五,中国新闻发言人有时会直接引用中国古典名言来支持自己的观点,这是中国人表达或者争论的习惯,这种引经据典往往能引起中国人的共鸣,却会对外国记者的理解造成困扰;第六,中国新闻发言人使用由“无论”和“不管”引出的宣布资源来强调主句中观点的正确性;最后,中国新闻发言人倾向于用“是”陈述其认为是事实的观点。本文推进了用评价理论分析中文语料的进程,同时也有助于国内外对于中国外交辞令尤其是中国外交新闻发布会的理解。
[Abstract]:As a big country in the world, China plays an increasingly important role in international affairs. The national policy on key issues and attitudes are deeply concerned at home and abroad. Therefore, China diplomacy often greatly attention by academic circles. The domestic and foreign research on China diplomatic language is mainly from the cooperative principle politeness the principles of pragmatics, presupposition theory, and to study its basic characteristics and skills. These studies did not dig Chinese diplomatic language features from the lexical level. Appraisal theory is a new theory of systemic functional linguistics in vocabulary and grammar from the study of interpersonal meaning in development, can be used to study the lexical level of diplomatic China the. This paper analyzes the engagement resources of press conference Chinese diplomacy from the perspective of appraisal theory. The main research discourse intervention system evaluation theory in the context of Next, how language users to express their views through language resources, and the process of negotiations with other possible views. The author of this article from the official website of the Ministry of foreign Chinese column in the South China Sea issue in the 30 texts chosen foreign press conference discourse as the corpus, and the engagement resources in the corpus in detail. I the study found that in the press conference Chinese diplomacy, compared to the possible resources, China spokesman tend to use more heteroglossic resources. In heteroglossic resources, compared to the expansion of resources, China spokesman tend to use more resources shrink to articulate what they represent the position of the government China, establish credibility, and to avoid the reporter may raise provocative statements and even language traps. In contraction, deny Chinese spokesman used resources far Far more than the announcement resources. This study and previous results on the contrary. This is partly because the China government denied any attempt to challenge the authority of speech on key issues such as territorial issues, on the other hand China in recent years, especially in the South China Sea dispute continuously under the condition of a change before Ruanmian the image formed a new image without fear of any challenge. In the expansion of resources, China spokesman used foreign language resources far more than words in resources. This study and previous results on the contrary. This is because when faced with such as the South China Sea arbitration this thorny problem, China spokesman cited many other information needs to reporters clearly behind the incident and the fact that the current international public opinion on the Chinese stand support oriented. Language features of the Chinese in diplomatic language, the author found the following seven points: A spokesman for China, rarely used "maybe", "may" modality, because in Chinese in these words gives people a feeling of weakness, hesitation; second, Chinese spokesman cited a number of other resources in the tendency to explain the relevant facts and the current situation, that is to say, Chinese spokesman tend to indirectly explained the situation; third, when the China spokesman used distance resources, actually implies a negative attitude to the current quoted speech, and China spokesman tend to use the so-called "guiding the critical remarks; fourth, when faced with problems such as territorial key problems Chinese, spokesman tend to directly deny the provocative remarks in the maintenance of national sovereignty territorial integrity and the determination of their confidence not afraid of any challenge; fifth, a spokesman China When will Chinese direct reference to classical quotes to support their point of view, this is Chinese expression or debate habits, such works can often cause Chinese resonance, but to foreign journalists understand the trouble; sixth, China spokesman by the use of "whatever" and "whatever" leads the announced resources to correct in view of it; finally, China spokesman tend to use "is" the fact is that statement. This paper advance evaluation theory analysis Chinese data process, but also help domestic and foreign to Chinese diplomatic news conference Chinese especially diplomatic understanding.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H15

【参考文献】