汉语有没有“主谓结构”

发布时间：2018-04-27 05:24

本文选题：主谓结构 + 话题-说明　；参考：《现代外语》2017年01期

【摘要】：对汉语有无主谓结构问题的认识经历了几个阶段。前辈学者已有的认识:汉语主谓结构跟其他结构的地位平等,不以主谓结构的有无来判定句子,主谓结构其实就是话题-说明结构。我们的新认识:主谓结构就是话题-说明结构,这是汉语"用法包含语法"这个大格局所决定的,符合中国哲学"体用不二"的观念;汉语的谓语具有指称性,这是汉语"名词包含动词"的格局决定的,符合中国哲学"物事合一"的观念;汉语"流水句"具有指称性和并置性;谓语是指称语,这在世界语言中不是孤立现象,以此来反观英语,有利于深入认识英语的谓语;"类包含"格局是语言的常态而不是非常态,它符合交谈的合作原则。进一步的认识:汉语的话题-说明结构在形式上就是两个指称语的并置,是规模最小的"流水句",为避免误解,可继承中国哲学的精神,采用"名实耦"的名称。
[Abstract]:The understanding of the subject-predicate structure in Chinese has gone through several stages. The previous scholars have realized that Chinese subject-predicate structure is equal to other structures, and the subject-predicate structure is in fact a topic-explanation structure instead of judging a sentence by the existence or absence of subject-predicate structure. Our new understanding: the subject-predicate structure is the topic-declarative structure, which is determined by the large pattern of "use-inclusive grammar" in Chinese, and accords with the concept of "using both the body and the body" in Chinese philosophy, and the predicate in Chinese is referential. This is decided by the pattern of "nouns containing verbs" in Chinese, which accords with the concept of "integration of things and things" in Chinese philosophy; "flowing sentence" in Chinese is referential and juxtaposed; predicate is referential, which is not an isolated phenomenon in the world language. The pattern of "class inclusion" is the normal rather than abnormal of language, and it accords with the cooperative principle of conversation. Further understanding: the topic-explanation structure in Chinese is the juxtaposition of two referential words in form, and is the smallest "flowing sentence". In order to avoid misunderstanding, it can inherit the spirit of Chinese philosophy and adopt the name "nominal-solid coupling".
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院;
【分类号】：H146.3

【相似文献】