汉语成语中的空间量研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 20:47

本文选题：成语 + 空间量　；参考：《长江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉语中的空间量是一种重要的量范畴。成语中的空间量的类型可分为空间大量、空间小量以及空间比较量。空间比较量就是空间大量和空间小量的比较,空间比较量又分为横向比较和纵向比较两种子类型。每一种类型的空间量又可以分为主观和客观空间量、显性和隐性空间量、具体(实)和抽象(虚)空间量、明确和模糊空间量等类型。主观空间量是从说话人或者评价人的主观角度出发的空间量,客观空间量是从逻辑的角度出发的,即实打实的量,不存在任何的主观色彩。显性空间量从成语的字面就可以看出此量,隐性空间量是隐藏在成语释义的量,从成语表面不能看出。具体空间量是可知可感的量,而抽象空间量是具体空间量隐喻得出的。明确空间量是说成语中有具体的表达量的数词,表达模糊空间量的成语中没有明确的数词,其中的量我们只知大概,不知具体数量。成语中的空间量与其它几种量范畴都可以发生联系。因为空间量是其它几种量范畴的基础,或者可以说是其它几种量存在的根基。其它几种量范畴包括物量、动量、时间量和性状程度量。这种关系包括空间大量与其它大量的关系,空间大量与其它小量的关系,空间小量与其它小量的关系,空间小量与空间大量的关系。“饿殍遍野”就是大物量与空间大量配伍的。其中时间量与空间量的关系是最能佐证关系的亲密度的,因为时间与空间共同构成了宇宙。所有的量都是以时间量和空间量为基础的。成语中的空间量具有语法、语义、认知方面三方面的作用。语法作用主要是指表达空间量的词语或语素(量素)在语法结构中的位置(充当何种句法成分)以及成语的结构类型;语义作用包括积极作用与负面作用或弊端。不管是大量、小量还是大量变小量、小量变大量,都是具有积极作用和负面作用的,而且有的成语中的空间量作用是循序渐进的;认知作用主要表现为在隐喻的作用下,具体的空间量可以投射到抽象的空间量;“空间隐喻”对于其他抽象的量范畴的表达具有重要作用。成语中的空间量具有这样几个特点:一是,有静有动、动静结合——成语空间量中的动态,是指(事情)变化发展的情况。我们也可以把动态空间量通俗的理解为“动作量”。成语空间量的静态可以简单地理解为停止不动,不动的状态下就称为静态。除此之外,我们可以加上哲学上相对静止的观点——某一事物在其发展的某一阶段或某一时期,其性质没有发生变化。二是,借助反义词或近义词表达空间量——成语中的反义词可以表达成语中主客体之间的差距大也可以表达二者所构成的范围广,即表达的是空间大量;成语中的近义词既可以表达空间大量也可以表达空间小量,表达大量的近义词连用可以起到强调空间大量的作用,比如博大精深,表达小量的近义词连用可以起到强调空间销量的作用,比如低声细语。三是,横向空间量与纵向空间量并存——一条成语中存在横向空间量和纵向空间量,表示空间量的交纵,因为横纵空间量的交织构成了空间大量,所以也可以理解为空间大量,比如博大精深。表达成语空间量的手段有语法手段和修辞手段。语法手段包括词类、语法格式和重叠。词类有数词、量词、名词、形容词、副词等。语法格式有一+动量+VP,该格式表达的是在极短的时间内完成了空间大量的任务,比如一飞冲天。重叠包括名词重叠和形容词重叠。重叠一般表达空间大量,所以不管是名词重叠还是形容词重叠表达的都是空间大量。
[Abstract]:The space quantity in Chinese is an important quantity category. The type of space in the idiom can be divided into space mass, space small quantity and space comparison. The space comparison is the comparison of space and space, and the space comparison is divided into two subtypes: horizontal comparison and longitudinal comparison. The quantity of subjective and objective space, the amount of explicit and recessive space, the volume of concrete (real) and abstract (virtual) space, clear and fuzzy space quantity. The subjective space quantity is the volume of space from the subjective angle of the speaker or the evaluator, the objective space is from the logical point of view, that is, the actual quantity, and there is no subjective color. The amount of explicit space can be seen from the literal of the idiom. The amount of the implicit space is hidden in the meaning of the idiom, which can not be seen on the surface of the idiom. The volume of space is a sensible quantity, and the quantity of the abstract space is derived from the specific space quantity metaphor. There is no definite numerals in the quantity of idioms. We know only about the quantity, but we do not know the specific quantity. The quantity of space in the idiom can be connected with several other categories, because the quantity of space is the basis of several other quantitative categories, or it can be said to be the root of the existence of several other quantities. The relationship between quantity and character degree, such as the relationship between space and other large quantities, the relationship between space and other small quantities, the relationship between space and other small quantities, the relationship between small space and other small quantities, the large quantity of space and space. "Starvation" is the large quantity and space compatibility. The relationship between the amount of time and the space is the most evidence The degree of intimacy of relation, because time and space constitute the universe together. All quantities are based on the amount of time and space. The volume of space in idioms has three aspects of grammatical, semantic and cognitive aspects. The function of grammar mainly refers to the position of words or morphemes expressing space in the grammatical structure. Syntactic components) and the structural types of idioms; semantic functions include positive and negative effects or disadvantages. Whether large quantities, small quantities or large quantities, small quantities and large quantities, are both positive and negative, and the function of space quantity in some idioms is gradual; cognitive function is mainly manifested in the metaphorical work. In use, the specific space quantity can be projected to the abstract space quantity; "space metaphor" plays an important role in the expression of other abstract quantity categories. The space quantity in the idiom has such characteristics: one is the static, dynamic, and static combination - the dynamic state in the volume of idioms. The static view of the quantity of dynamic space is understood as "the quantity of action". The static state of the volume of the idiom can be simply understood as a stop, and the state of immobility is called static state. In addition, we can add a relatively static point of view in Philosophy - a thing has no change in its nature in a certain stage of its development or in a certain period. The two is, by using antonyms or synonyms to express the space quantity - the antonyms in the idioms can express the gap between the main and the object in the idioms and the wide range of the two, that is, the expression is a large number of space, and the synonyms in the idioms can express a large number of space and express a large number of synonyms. It can play a great role in emphasizing space, such as extensive and profound, and a small amount of synonyms which can play the role of emphasizing space sales, such as low voice. Three, horizontal space and vertical space coexist - the volume of horizontal space and longitudinal space in a idiom, the intersection of space volume, because of horizontal and vertical space. Interweaving of interlacing forms a large amount of space, so it can also be understood as a large number of spaces, such as extensive and profound. The means of expressing the volume of idioms include grammatical and rhetorical means. Grammatical means include word classes, grammatical forms and overlaps. Word classes have numerals, quantifiers, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, etc. the grammatical format has a + momentum +VP, which is expressed in this format. In a very short period of time, a large number of tasks have been completed, such as flying. Overlap includes the overlap of nouns and adjectives. The overlap generally expresses a large amount of space, so no matter whether it is a noun overlap or an adjective expression, there is a large amount of space.

【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146

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