哈萨克斯坦学生语音偏误分析及教学对策

发布时间：2018-05-02 20:46

本文选题：哈萨克斯坦学生 + 《汉字等级大纲》　；参考：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：留学生在学习和使用汉语的过程中,经常出现一些语音偏误,包括声母、韵母、声调等方面的偏误。对留学生的语音偏误进行研究,能够更好地指导教学。目前语音偏误研究的对象多以日韩英美的留学生为主,本文以哈萨克斯坦留学生为研究对象。采用实验的方法,找出他们在声母、韵母、声调方面出现的偏误,分析偏误原因并提出教学对策,希望能够为针对哈萨克斯坦留学生的语音教学工作提供一定的帮助。本文主要从以下几个方面,开展研究工作:第一,整理出《汉字等级大纲》中的所有音节,共1053个。联系并确定实验对象,包括五位不同汉语水平的哈萨克斯坦留学生。开展实验,对这五位留学生进行一对一的录音采样,提取实验所需的音频。第二,分析实验结果。对声母、韵母的分析,采用听辨的方法,记录并总结了五位留学生在声母和韵母方面出现的发音问题。对声调的分析,采用Praat软件,提取基频值,绘制四声的声调曲线;并运用基频值与五度值的转化关系,确定留学生在声调方面出现的偏误。第三,分析偏误原因并提出对策。从母语负迁移、目的语知识的负迁移、《汉语拼音方案》、留学生个体因素等多个角度,分析了它们对哈萨克斯坦留学生产生语音偏误的影响。提出了运用带音法、咬舌法、咬指法;帮助留学生定调;打乱固有的声调教学顺序;培养留学生调域意识的教学对策。第四,整理出《哈萨克斯坦留学生易错音节表》,这些音节是教学中的难点,教师在教学中应予以重视。
[Abstract]:In the process of studying and using Chinese, there are often some phonetic errors, including initials, vowels, tones and so on. The research on the phonetic bias of foreign students can better guide the teaching. At present, the research object of phonetic bias is mainly Japanese, Korean and British-American students, while this paper focuses on Kazakstan students. By using the method of experiment, this paper finds out the errors in initials, vowels and tones, analyzes the causes of errors and puts forward some teaching countermeasures, hoping to provide some help for the teaching of pronunciation for Kazakh students. The main work of this paper is as follows: first, all syllables in the outline of Chinese characters are sorted out and 1053 syllables are arranged. Contact and identify subjects, including five Kazakh students with different levels of Chinese. The five students were sampled one-to-one, and the audio frequency was extracted. Second, analyze the experimental results. Based on the analysis of consonants and vowels, the phonetic problems in consonants and vowels of five foreign students were recorded and summarized by means of audition. In the analysis of tone, the fundamental frequency value is extracted by Praat software, and the tone curve of four sound is drawn, and the error in tone of foreign students is determined by using the conversion relationship between fundamental frequency value and fifth degree value. Third, analyze the causes of errors and put forward countermeasures. From the perspectives of negative transfer of mother tongue, negative transfer of knowledge of target language, "Chinese Pinyin Scheme", and individual factors of foreign students, this paper analyzes their influence on the phonetic errors of foreign students in Kazakhstan. This paper puts forward the teaching countermeasures of using the method of band tone, tongue-biting and finger biting, helping foreign students to set the tone, disrupting the inherent order of tone teaching, and cultivating the students' awareness of the domain of tonality. Fourth, sorting out the error-prone syllables of Kazakh students, these syllables are difficult points in teaching, and teachers should pay attention to them.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

【参考文献】