陕西三原方言语法研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 08:16

  本文选题：三原方言 + 构词　； 参考：《中央民族大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：本文以隶属于中原官话区关中片的陕西三原方言为研究对象,选取三原方言中的变调构词、词缀、重叠、时体系统和特殊句式五部分具有方言特色的语法现象作为主要研究内容,在形式和意义相结合的方法论指导下,对语法事实进行挖掘和描写,同时对于部分语法现象结合类型学和语法化的现有理论进行梳理和分析。通过对语言材料的语音形式、结构形式、语法功能、语义特点、语用条件的描写、比较和分析,从语法、语义、语用三个维度的考察揭示出三原方言在构词法、广义构形手段、语法范畴、句式句法四个方面的主要语法特点。全文共分七章。第一章:绪论。主要介绍三原的地理位置、历史文化和人口经济等基本情况,并对三原方言的声韵调系统、研究现状、本文的研究对象和内容、本文所依据的理论方法、语料来源及文章体例进行说明。第二章:变调构词。先对变调构词中的一对基本概念"原始词"和"滋生词"进行辨析,在此前提下对三原方言中的变调构词进行描写。在具体研究时,首先整理出三原方言中的变调构词词表,包括普通话和三原方言共有的变调构词39对以及三原方言特有的变调构词29对;其次从语音、语义、语用功能三方面的变化入手对原始词和滋生词进行比较、分析。通过梳理分析可知,变调构词这种构词法在三原方言中不具备能产性,但是通过变调所滋生的词还在继续使用,其中,人称代词通过变调所构成的新词无论在语音的变化还是语义的变化方面都最为系统。第三章:词缀。首先简要说明了词缀和类词缀的不同特点,阐明本章的研究内容包括词缀和类词缀;其次对三原方言中的名词词缀、动词词缀和形容词词缀分别从语法位置、语音形式、构词特点和语用功能的角度进行描写分析。总体来说,除了形容词词缀为专职词缀,在语音形式上表现为轻声之外,其余词缀除了词缀义外都可以承担其他语素义,在语音形式上表现出轻声和非轻声的差别。第四章:重叠。本章的研究对象包括构词重叠和构形重叠,具体研究中主要从词类入手,分析不同词类的重叠式在语音形式、重叠方式、语义变化、语法功能、语用功能方面的特点。重叠所涉及到的词类有名词、动词、形容词、量词、代词、副词、拟声词。这些词的重叠式大多数为构形重叠,少部分为构词重叠。第五章:时体系统。首先在梳理现代汉语时体研究基本概念的基础上说明了三原方言中表达时间义的三种语法手段:词汇手段、句法手段、广义形态手段;并对三原方言中和时间进程相关的三类词即动词、时间名词和时间副词作了分类整理,以便后文谈到句法搭配时进行说明。具体来说,三原方言中的时体系统包括完成体、实现体、进行体、持续体、经历体、起始体、短时体、过去时和将来时。三原方言中表示时体范畴的语法手段有语法标记、重叠式和句法结构。这三种语法手段中,最主要的手段是语法标记,除了短时体外,其余时体意义都需要用语法标记来表示;其次是重叠式,单音节动词重叠式表示进行体,双音节动词重叠式表示短时体;最后是句法结构,这部分内容只涉及动补结构,三原方言中主要通过动词和动量补语构成的动补词组来表示短时体。有的时体意义在具体语境中会变得模糊而产生其他语用义。这种现象主要体现在短时体、将来时等语法范畴中。另外,本章对将来时"呀"兼表主观意愿和态度的用法也结合类型学视角作了比较分析。第六章:特殊句式。首先对句型、句式和句类进行比较并说明本章的研究对象为把字句、给字句、叫字句以及比较句。主要研究内容包括句子的句法格式、句法格式的特点、语义特点、感情色彩和语用功能的方面。另外,对叫字句所表示的使役、被动歧义现象结合英语和韩语从语言类型学和语法化的角度进行了说明。把字句、给字句和叫字句不仅可以单独使用,还可以两两套合甚至三者套合使用,在套合时主要受到语义的制约,如果语义相互冲突就无法套用。比较句从语义类角度可以分为平比句、差比句、渐比句和极比句,不同的语义类包含不同的句式,各个句式之间职责分明,不能混用、套用。第七章:结语。本章对三原方言的构词特点、广义构形特点、时体范畴和句式句法四方面内容进行了整理和总结,并结合文章的不足和缺憾对今后的研究作了简要说明和展望。通过以上研究内容,本文以期展示出三原方言语法系统中最具有方言特色的语法现象,为关中方言及周边方言的语法研究提供可靠的语法事实,为进一步揭示、说明语言规律提供方言语法方面的依据。
[Abstract]:This paper, based on the Shaanxi Sanyuan dialect of Shaanxi, which belongs to Guanzhong Guanhua District of Central Plains as the research object, selects the grammatical phenomena which have dialectal characteristics as the main research content in the five parts of the three original dialects, including the tone formation, affixes, overlaps, time body system and special sentence patterns, and the grammatical facts are dug under the guidance of the combination of form and meaning. At the same time, this paper combs and analyzes the existing theories of some grammatical phenomena combined with typology and grammaticalization. Through the description, comparison and analysis of the phonetic forms, structural forms, grammatical functions, semantic features and pragmatic conditions of the language materials, the three dimensions of grammar, semantics and pragmatics are revealed to reveal the word formation in the three original dialects. The main grammatical features of the four aspects of the generalized configuration means, grammatical category and sentence syntax. The full text is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1: introduction. It mainly introduces the basic situation of the geographical position, historical culture and population economy of Sanyuan, and the sound and rhyme system of the Sanyuan dialect, the research status, the object and content of this paper, and the theoretical side of this article. Law, the source of the corpus and the style of the article is explained. The second chapter is the variation of word formation. First, a pair of basic concepts, "primitive words" and "breeding words", are identified and analyzed. On this premise, the variant word formation in Sanyuan dialect is described. There are 39 pairs of tonal words in Sanyuan dialect and 29 pairs of tonal words peculiar to Sanyuan dialect. Secondly, from the change of three aspects of phonetic, semantic and pragmatic functions, we compare and analyze the original words and the breeding words. By carding and analyzing, it is known that the word formation method of variable word formation does not have the ability to produce in the three original dialects, but it is nourishing through the change of tone. The words of birth continue to be used, in which the new words of personal pronouns are the most systematic in the change of speech and the change of semantics. The third chapter: affixes. First, the different characteristics of affixes and affixes are briefly explained, and the research contents of this chapter include affixes and affixes, followed by the names of the three original dialects. Word affixes, verb affixes and adjective affixes are described and analyzed from the angle of grammatical position, phonetic form, word formation and pragmatic function. In general, besides adjective affixes as a full-time affix and a light voice in phonetic form, the rest of the affixes can bear other morpheme meanings except the suffix meaning, and in the form of phonetics. There is a difference between light and non light sound. Fourth chapter: overlap. The research object of this chapter includes the overlapping of word formation and configuration overlapping. In the specific study, we mainly start with the parts of speech and analyze the characteristics of the overlaps of different parts of speech in the phonetic form, the way of overlapping, the semantic change, the grammatical function and the ability to use the work. Words, adjectives, quantifiers, pronouns, adverbs, and onomatopoeia. The superposition of these words is mostly structure overlapping, few parts are word formation overlaps. The fifth chapter is the time body system. First, on the basis of combing the basic concepts of modern Chinese time body research, three grammatical means to express time meaning in the three original dialects are explained: lexical means, syntactic means, and generalized forms. The three types of words, such as verbs, time nouns and time adverbs, are classified and arranged in order to explain the syntactic collocation. In particular, the time body system in the Sanyuan dialect includes the complete body, the realization body, the continuous body, the experience body, the starting body, the short time body, the past tense and the past tense. In the future, there are grammatical markers, overlapping and syntactic structures in the three original dialects that represent the category of time bodies. Among the three grammatical means, the most important means are grammatical markers. In addition to the short term, the other tense meanings need to be expressed with grammatical markers; the second is overlapping, and the monosyllabic verb overlaps the progressive, the double syllable. The verb overlapping expresses the short time body; finally, it is the syntactic structure, which only involves the verb complement structure. The three original dialects mainly express the short-term body by verb and momentum complement. Some time body meaning will become blurred in specific context and produce other language meaning. This phenomenon is mainly reflected in the short time body and the future. In addition, in addition, this chapter makes a comparative analysis of the usage of "ah" and the subjective will and attitude in the future. The sixth chapter is special sentence pattern. First, we compare the sentence pattern, sentence pattern and sentence category and show that the research object of this chapter is the sentence, the word sentence, the word sentence and the comparative sentence. The main research contents include The syntactic format of the sentence, the characteristics of the syntactic form, the semantic features, the emotional color and the pragmatic function. In addition, the passive ambiguity is illustrated by the English and Korean language typology and grammaticalization. The sentence, the word sentence and the called sentence can not only be used alone, but also 22. The combination of nesting and even the three is mainly restricted by the semantics, which can not be applied if the semantic conflict is conflicting. The comparative sentence can be divided into the flat ratio sentence, the difference sentence, the gradual comparison sentence and the extreme ratio sentence. The different semantic classes contain different sentence patterns, the functions of each sentence are clear, and the seventh chapter is the conclusion. This chapter collects and summarizes the four aspects of the features of the three original dialects, such as the characteristics of the word formation, the generalized configuration, the time body category and the sentence structure, and gives a brief description and Prospect of the future research in combination with the shortcomings and shortcomings of the article. Through the above research, the paper is expected to show the most dialectal features in the Sanyuan dialect grammar system. The grammatical phenomenon provides a reliable grammatical fact for the grammatical study of Guanzhong Dialect and its surrounding dialects, which provides a basis for further revealing and explaining the law of language.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H172.2
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本文编号：1856152