英汉生理现象委婉语语用对比

发布时间：2018-05-12 03:17

本文选题：英语 + 汉语　；参考：《西北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：委婉语普遍存在于英汉两种语言中。但是由于中英文化差异,其表达方式有很大差别。如果在交际中不注意委婉语的使用场合,跨文化交际中极易引起误解。纵观前人对委婉语的研究,本论文作者发现前人关于英汉生理现象委婉语的对比,主要侧重其构成方式、文化内涵,而对委婉语的等级划分及语义缺位方面研究较少。本文主要从委婉语的等级划分及语义缺位方面研究英汉生理现象委婉语。一般而言,生理委婉语包括生、老、病、死、性、排泄等方面。本论文主要对其中的排泄类和死亡类进行了研究,研究主要从这两类委婉语的等级划分及语义缺位方面。研究语料取自张拱贵教入手授的《汉语委婉语词典》和刘纯豹教授的《英语委婉语词典》。本研究以语言与文化的关系以及语用学中的礼貌原则,委婉语的委婉等级标准为理论基础,借鉴前人的研究成果,根据说话人的情感态度、听话人的愉悦度、双方之间的关系或者与所指称事物之间的关系、适用场合以及语用效果的差异,划分了排泄类和死亡类委婉语的委婉等级(高级、中级和低级)。采用对比研究方法和定性定量分析法,通过对比分析,研究英汉两种语言中排泄类和死亡类委婉语是否存在英汉语义缺位以及委婉等级缺位现象。通过定性研究确定英汉排泄类和死亡类委婉语的分类,通过定量研究确定它们的异同之处,并探究产生差异的原因。研究发现,英汉排泄类委婉语不存在语义缺位现象。但在委婉等级上,二者既有相同,也有差异。论文作者从宗教文化、厕所文化、价值观等三个方面讨论了相同与差异背后的原因。而英汉死亡类委婉语,不论在语义缺位方面,还是在委婉语委婉等级方面,均存在很大差异。研究还发现随着全球化的深入,各国间文化交流及文化借鉴的增加,英汉委婉语也处于不断发展变化和发展中。例如,在当代社会,英语中排泄类和死亡类委婉语受宗教的影响越来越小。通过对这个选题的研究,论文作者加深了对语言与文化关系理论的理解。研究发现有助于更好的理解礼貌原则,并对跨文化交际具有一定的理论指导意义和借鉴价值。
[Abstract]:Euphemism commonly exists in English and Chinese. However, due to the cultural differences between China and the United Kingdom, its expression is very different. If we do not pay attention to the use of euphemism in communication, cross-cultural communication is easy to cause misunderstanding. Looking at the previous researches on euphemism, the author finds that the previous studies on euphemism in English and Chinese are mainly focused on its structure and cultural connotation, but less on the classification of euphemism and semantic absence. This paper mainly studies English and Chinese physiological phenomenon euphemisms from the aspects of classification of euphemism and semantic absence. Generally speaking, physiological euphemisms include birth, old age, illness, death, sex, excretion and so on. In this paper, the excretion class and death class are studied, mainly from the classification of the two types of euphemism and semantic absence. The data are taken from the Chinese euphemism Dictionary and Professor Liu Junbao's English euphemism Dictionary. On the basis of the relationship between language and culture, the politeness principle in pragmatics, the euphemism grade standard of euphemism, the author draws lessons from the previous research results, according to the speaker's emotional attitude, the hearer's pleasure degree. The relationship between the two parties or the relationship between the two parties and the relation between the alleged things, the applicable situation and the differences in pragmatic effects, the euphemism grades of excretion type and death category are divided into three categories: advanced, intermediate and low-level. By means of contrastive study and qualitative and quantitative analysis, this paper studies whether there exists semantic vacancy and euphemism hierarchy vacancy in English and Chinese excrete class euphemism and death class euphemism in English and Chinese. Through qualitative research, the author determines the classification of euphemisms of excretion class and death category in English and Chinese, determines their similarities and differences through quantitative research, and probes into the causes of the differences. It is found that there is no semantic absence in English and Chinese excretory euphemism. However, in the euphemism level, the two are both the same and different. The author discusses the reasons behind the differences in religious culture, toilet culture and values. However, death euphemism in English and Chinese is different in terms of semantic absence and euphemism level. The study also finds that with the deepening of globalization and the increase of cultural exchanges and cultural reference between countries, English and Chinese euphemism is also in the process of continuous development and development. For example, in contemporary society, euphemisms such as excretion and death are less and less influenced by religion. Through the study of this topic, the author has deepened the understanding of the theory of the relationship between language and culture. The findings are helpful to better understand the politeness principle and have certain theoretical significance and reference value for cross-cultural communication.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H136;H313

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