助动词“好”的语法化过程

发布时间：2018-05-12 14:42

本文选题：“好” + 助动词　；参考：《汉语学习》2017年06期

【摘要】："S+好+V"结构中表"容易"义的"好"是一类被忽视的情态助动词,本文认为其来源是上古汉语中"喜爱"义动词"好"(hào),而不是形容词"好"(hǎo)。最初主语S为施事,动词"好"带谓词性宾语以连动结构的形式出现,可看作自然的无标记状态。魏晋南北朝时期,充当S的成分由施事扩展到时间、工具、处所等非施事,无标化推力下"好"发生第一次语法化,"好+V"的深层结构由"V+O"重新分析为"AV+V",语义上"好"的"喜爱"义在隐喻机制作用下演变为"适合"义。唐代,充当S的成分进一步扩展到受事,再次成为相对的有标记状态,无标化推力再次作用导致"好"发生第二次语法化;"好+V"的深层结构仍为"AV+V",但语义上"好"的"适合"义在语用推理促成的转喻机制作用下演变为"容易"义。唐代以后,"好"的"喜爱"义动词和"适合、容易"义助动词的用法并存且发展至今。
[Abstract]:The meaning of "easy" in "S good V" structure is a kind of neglected modal auxiliary verb. This paper holds that its origin is "like" verb "good" in ancient Chinese, rather than the adjective "good". At first, the subject S is the agent, and the verb "good" with predicate object appears in the form of continuous structure, which can be regarded as a natural unmarked state. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, the element of acting as "S" expanded from the agent to the time, tools, premises and other non-missionary. The grammaticalization of "good" occurs for the first time under the non-standard thrust, the deep structure of "good V" is reanalyzed from "V O" to "AV V", and the semantic meaning of "good" like "evolves into" fit "meaning under the action of metaphorical mechanism. In the Tang Dynasty, the element of "S" was further extended to the patient and became again a relatively marked state. The second grammaticalization of "good" occurs as a result of non-standardized thrust, and the deep structure of "good V" is still "AV", but the semantic "suitable" meaning of "good" evolves into "easy" meaning under the influence of metonymy mechanism promoted by pragmatic reasoning. After the Tang Dynasty, the usage of "like" verb and "fit, easy" verb co-existed and developed up to now.
【作者单位】：韩国外国语大学中语中文学院/中国语通翻译系;
【基金】：韩国外国语大学BK21PLUS韩中语言文化疏通事业团项目资助
【分类号】：H14

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