汉塔亲属称谓对比研究及其对汉语教学的启示

发布时间：2018-05-13 20:32

本文选题：亲属称谓 + 汉语　；参考：《新疆师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：亲属称谓是语言词汇系统的重要组成部分,在历史发展过程中其发生的变化较小,具有一定的稳定性与系统性。它不仅仅是一种简单的称呼符号,人类社会的血缘关系、古老的婚姻习俗、不同民族的制度文化,都能从亲属称谓中反映出来,具有很强的民族性,因此有人将亲属称谓叫做“人类历史文化的语言化石”。汉语属于汉藏语系汉语族,在其发展过程中经历了上古汉语、中古汉语、近代汉语和现代汉语阶段,虽然如此,却很少受到外来语的影响,仅在汉语内部发生变化。此外,汉族自古重农轻商,小农经济对汉文化的形成也产生了一定的影响,所以汉语亲属称谓系统纷繁复杂,是描述型的亲属称谓。塔吉克语属于印欧语系印度-伊朗语族伊朗语支,是波斯语在中亚的一个分支,并受到了波斯语、突厥语、俄语等多种语言的影响,在半游牧半农耕的基础上形成了类分型亲属称谓系统。随着国家“一带一路”战略构想的提出,中国和塔吉克斯坦的友好经济合作和文化交流将越来越频繁,研究两种语言亲属称谓的不同将加深彼此的文化认同感,促进“一带一路”战略更好地发展。另一方面,自2008年8月28日塔吉克斯坦民族大学孔子学院成立以来,在汉语教学方面取得了很大成就,也遇到了一些问题,而亲属称谓教学的问题也越来越凸显,对比研究两种语言亲属称谓将有利于这一问题的解决。本文通过描写和对比的方法,首先从宗亲、外亲和姻亲三个方面分别描写汉语和塔吉克语的亲属称谓,其次对汉语和塔吉克语亲属称谓从义项分析、语用特征以及亲属称谓所蕴含的历史文化等多角度进行对比。通过对汉语与塔吉克语亲属称谓语言学及文化学方面的研究,得出两者在语言学层面的异同,以及产生这些异同的文化因素,并根据文章得出的结论提出相应的汉语亲属称谓教学策略,用以促进当地的汉语教学。文章共分四个章节。第一章绪论部分阐述了本文写作目的与意义以及国内外关于亲属称谓的研究现状,界定了亲属称谓的定义及分类,讨论了穆多克提出的六种亲属制度。第二章从宗亲、外亲和姻亲三方面对汉语、塔吉克语亲属称谓语系统分别进行详细的描写。第三章主要从义项分析、语用特征、历史文化等角度对两种亲属称谓进行对比分析,其中历史文化包括婚姻制度、家庭观念、社会经济形式、语言发展历史等四个方面。第四章以对比研究结果为依据,提出针对汉语亲属称谓的教学方法,以促进汉语作为第二语言教学的繁荣发展。
[Abstract]:Kinship appellation is an important part of language lexical system. In the course of historical development, the change of kinship appellation is relatively small, and it has certain stability and systematicness. It is not only a kind of simple address symbol, the blood relation of human society, the ancient marriage custom, the system culture of different nationality, all can be reflected from the kinship appellation, have very strong nationality. Therefore, some people call relatives "language fossils of human history and culture". Chinese belongs to the Chinese family of Han and Tibetan languages. In its development, it has experienced the stages of upper ancient Chinese, middle ancient Chinese, modern Chinese and modern Chinese, but it is seldom influenced by foreign words and changed only within Chinese. In addition, the Han nationality pays more attention to agriculture than commerce since ancient times, and the small peasant economy also has a certain influence on the formation of Chinese culture, so the Chinese kinship appellation system is complicated and descriptive kinship appellation. The Tajik language, which belongs to the Indo-European Indo-Iranian language family, is a branch of Persian in Central Asia and has been influenced by many languages, such as Farsi, Turkic, Russian and so on. On the basis of semi-nomadic and semi-farming, the system of kinship appellation was formed. With the development of the national "Belt and Road" strategic concept, the friendly economic cooperation and cultural exchanges between China and Tajikistan will become more and more frequent. Studying the differences in kinship terms between the two languages will deepen each other's cultural identity. To promote better development of the "Belt and Road" strategy. On the other hand, since the establishment of the Confucius Institute of Tajikistan University for nationalities on August 28, 2008, great achievements have been made in the teaching of Chinese, and some problems have been encountered. A comparative study of kinship terms in two languages will help to solve this problem. By means of description and comparison, this paper first describes the kinship terms of Chinese and Tajik from the three aspects of kinship, affinity and in-laws, and then analyzes the kinship terms of Chinese and Tajik from the meaning. The pragmatic features and the historical and cultural implications of kinship terms are compared. Through the study of Chinese and Tajik kinship appellation linguistics and culturology, the similarities and differences between them in linguistic level and the cultural factors that give rise to these similarities and differences are obtained. According to the conclusion of the paper, the author puts forward the corresponding teaching strategy of kinship appellation in order to promote the local Chinese teaching. The article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the purpose and significance of this paper and the present situation of research on kinship appellation at home and abroad, defines the definition and classification of kinship appellation, and discusses the six kinship systems put forward by Muddock. The second chapter gives a detailed description of Chinese and Tajik kinship appellations from the three aspects of kinship and affinity. The third chapter makes a comparative analysis of the two kinship terms from the perspective of meaning analysis, pragmatic characteristics, history and culture, including marriage system, family concept, social and economic forms, and history of language development. Based on the results of comparative study, the fourth chapter puts forward the teaching method of Chinese kinship appellation to promote the prosperity of Chinese as a second language teaching.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

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