句子生成顺序与三种Wh-移位异常:熵的视角

发布时间：2018-05-14 20:01

  本文选题：句子生成方向 + wh疑问句　； 参考：《当代语言学》2017年02期

【摘要】：本文讨论两类句法现象:(1)所有已知的语言都是先说结构位置高的成分,后说位置低的成分。(2)英语wh疑问句的造句规则有三个例外:所有者为疑问词时不能单独移位,必须把包含它的整个DP拖带到句首;主语为疑问词时不使用无语义助动词do;结构位置在VP/vP之外的所有副词类都没有疑问形态。第一个现象基本上被目前的句法理论所忽视。第二类现象所涉及的三种句法结构从表面来看似乎互不相关,但是都分享一个特征:符合疑问句造句规则的都是从实词环境向虚词环境移位;而一旦移位的起点和终点都是虚词环境就会发生上述各种例外。本文通过热力学第二定律(即能量自然耗散)和句法运算的经济原则,对以上各种现象提出一个统一的解释。
[Abstract]:In this paper, we discuss two syntactic phenomena: 1) all known languages are the components with high structural position and then with low position.) there are three exceptions to the rule of construction of English wh interrogative sentences: owner-interrogative words cannot be shifted alone. The whole DP including it must be towed to the beginning of the sentence; no semantic auxiliary verb should be used when the subject is a interrogative word; and all adverbs whose structure is located outside of VP/vP have no interrogative form. The first phenomenon is largely ignored by the present syntactic theory. The three syntactic structures involved in the second kind of phenomena seem to be unrelated on the surface, but they all share one characteristic: those that accord with the rules of sentence formation of interrogative sentences are all shifting from notional context to function context; Once the beginning and end of the shift are function-word environment, the above exceptions will occur. By means of the second law of thermodynamics (that is, natural dissipation of energy) and the economic principle of syntactic operation, a unified explanation of the above phenomena is presented in this paper.
【作者单位】： 南京大学文学院;美国威斯康星大学语言学系;
【分类号】：H146.3;H314.3
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本文编号：1889263